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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. Inorganic Nomenclature. Using different oxidation states Potassium + oxygen K O K 2 O potassium oxide. Inorganics. Using the same oxidation states Calcium + oxygen Ca O CaO calcium oxide. Inorganics.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature

  2. Inorganic Nomenclature Using different oxidation states Potassium + oxygen K O K2O potassium oxide

  3. Inorganics Using the same oxidation states Calcium + oxygen Ca O CaO calcium oxide

  4. Inorganics Using polyatomic ions calcium + bromate Ca(BrO3)2

  5. Sample Problems Beryllium iodide (beryllium + iodine) BeI2 Calcium carbide (calcium + carbon) Ca2C

  6. More Problems Aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

  7. Stock Formulas Iron (III) Chloride FeCl3 Tin (II) Nitride Sn3N2

  8. Naming Compounds The nonmetal name in a BINARY COMPOUND (two compounds – a metal and nonmetal bonded ionically) has the nonmetal name end in “ide”. BaBr2 barium bromide Mg3N2 magnesium nitride K2S potassium sulfide

  9. Naming using Stock formulas Fe(OH)2 Iron (II) hydroxide CuSO4 Copper (II) sulfate

  10. Practice Problems • Writing Formulas: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, 25, 31, 34, 43, 53, 70 Naming Compounds: 154, 160, 163, 166, 172, 179, 181, 201, 228, 234, 242, 280

  11. Now to the additions: An older system used in place of the Stock system uses suffixes on the metal to indicate a lower or higher oxidation state. * metals with lower oxidation state: “ous” ending * metals with higher oxidation state: “ic” ending Metals use Latin names

  12. Examples: Iron (II) = ferrous Iron (III) = ferric Copper (1) = cuprous copper (II) = cupric Tin (II) = stannous tin (IV) = stannic Lead (II) = plumbous lead (IV) = plumbic Mercury (I) = mercurous Mercury (II) = mercuric Chromium (II) = chromous chromium (III) chromic Cobalt (II) = cobaltous cobalt (III) = cobaltic Manganese (II) = manganous manganese (III) = manganaic

  13. Binary Covalent Compounds For binary compounds whose first element is a nonmetal (covalent bonding) use the following prefixes for the number of atoms. The first element will have its normal ending, the second will end in “ide” 1 = mono, 2 = di, 3 = tri, 4 = tetra, 5 = penta, 6 = hexa, 7 = hepta, 8 = octa, 9 = nona, 10 = deca, 11 = undeca, 12 = dodeca

  14. Binary Covalent Examples: SO2 sulfur dioxide Cl2O7 dichlorine tetrachloride P2O3 diphosphorus trioxide P2O5 diphosphorus pentaoxide

  15. Hydrogen Exceptions For compounds with hydrogen in the middle use either the “bi” prefix or the word “hydrogen” Examples: NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate or sodium hydrogen sulfate Ca(HSO4)2 calcium bisulfate or calcium hydrogen sulfate

  16. Another Problem For phosphate salts with more than 1 type ion, one of which is hydrogen, use the following format: NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phospate K2HPO4 potassium monohydrogen phosphate

  17. No Reduction Formulas Certain formulas are not reduced: The most common one is mercury (I) which is Hg22+ Example: Mercury (I) nitrate = Hg2(NO3)2 Mercury (I) chloride = Hg2Cl2

  18. Peroxide Another example of no reduction is peroxide which is O22- hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 sodium peroxide = Na2O2

  19. Inorganic Acids Standard “ate” polyatomic ion acids with “ic” HBrO3 Bromic acid HClO3 Chloric acid HNO3 Nitric acid H3PO4 Phosphoric acid H2SO4 Sulfuric acid H2CO3 Carbonic acid

  20. Removing all oxygens When all oxygens are removed, add a “hydro” prefix (along with “ic” ending) HBrO3 Bromic acid HBrO Hydrobromic acid HNO3 Nitric acid HNO Hydronitric acid

  21. Adding an extra oxygen When an extra oxygen is added, add a “per” prefix, along with “ic” ending H2CO3 carbonic acid H2CO4 percarbonic acid HClO3 chloric acid HClO4 perchloric acid

  22. Taking 1 oxygen away When 1 oxygen is taken away from the normal “ic” ending formula, change “ic” to “ous” H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid H3PO3 phosphorous acid

  23. Taking 2 oxygens away When 2 oxygens are taken away from normal “ic” ending, change “ic” to “ous” and add a “hypo” prefix” HNO3 Nitric acid HNO hyponitrous acid HClO3chloric acid HClOhypochlorous acid H3PO2hypophosphorous acid

  24. Final Homework Problems 3, 6, 16, 22, 44, 50, 55, 67, 89, 96, 100, 113, 120, 127, 135, 147, 150 161, 165, 175, 187, 204, 210, 223, 236, 243, 291, 306, 333, 341, 324

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