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IB BIOLOGY FALL FINAL REVIEW

IB BIOLOGY FALL FINAL REVIEW. December 17, 2012. Pass out exam I Pick up exams, graded assignments Hand in genetics web lab Hand in lab report by Friday. statistics. What is a chi-square?. What is standard deviation?. Standard Deviation. There are two formulas:. Standard Deviation.

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IB BIOLOGY FALL FINAL REVIEW

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  1. IB BIOLOGY FALL FINAL REVIEW December 17, 2012

  2. Pass out exam I • Pick up exams, graded assignments • Hand in genetics web lab • Hand in lab report by Friday

  3. statistics

  4. What is a chi-square?

  5. What is standard deviation?

  6. Standard Deviation There are two formulas:

  7. Standard Deviation • Designated by the symbol σ • ±1σ 68% of all values • ±2σ 95% of all values

  8. What is the t-test?

  9. Cell biology

  10. Characteristics of life • Metabolism • Growth • Reproduction • Response • Homeostasis • Nutrition

  11. Cell theory • all living things are made of cells • Cells come from other cells • Cells are the smallest units of life

  12. Cell surface area-to-volume ratio • Draw a graph demonstrating the relationship between the SA:V of a cell and the cell size • X-axis = cell size • Y-axis = SA:V

  13. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Membraneous organelles • Ribosomes (bigger in…?) • Size? • DNA?

  14. Mitochondria vs. chloroplasts • How are they similar?

  15. Plants vs. animal cells • Plasma membrane • Lysosome • Golgi apparatus • Centrioles • Rough ER • Plastids • Cell wall • Spindle fibers • Ribosomes

  16. biochemistry

  17. Water • Structure • properties

  18. Cellular transport • Active transport • Passive transport • Simple diffusion • Facilitated diffusion • Aquaporin • Hypotonic • Hypertonic • Isotonic • Endocytosis & exocytosis – for larger molecules

  19. Macromolecules • 4 types: • Nucleic acids • Fats • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Structures • Properties

  20. DNA structure • Hydrogen bonding? • Covalent bonding?

  21. DNA replication • Major players • DNA polymerase • RNA primer • Helicase • Steps

  22. Transcription & translation • Major players? • Transcription • mRNA • DNA template • Helicase • RNA polymerase • (pre-mRNA  mature mRNA: splice up introns, keep exons) • Translation • Ribosome (rRNA & proteins) • mRNA • Amino acids • tRNA • Steps (locations)? • Using the codon table • What is a codon? What is an anticodon?

  23. Translation

  24. Enzymes • Purpose? • Enzyme-catalysed reactions are affected by… • temperature • pH • Substrate concentration

  25. Cellular respiration • Chemical formula? • Steps? • Locations of reactions • Reactants? • Products?

  26. Photosynthesis • Chemical formula? • Steps? • Locations of reactions • Reactants? • Products?

  27. Oxidative phosphorylation • Substrate-level phosphorylation • Reduction vs. oxidation • Examples

  28. genetics

  29. Meiosis vs. mitosis • In terms of… • Purpose? • Results? • Number? • Genetic variation? • Cell division? • Participating organelles?

  30. Karyotypes

  31. Diploid? • Haploid? • Homologous chromosomes? • Homozygous? • Heterozygous?

  32. Punnett Square Mary's mother is type O and Mary is type B. George's blood type is A. Can George and Mary have a baby with type O blood? How about type A? Type B? Type AB?

  33. Sex-linked vs. non-sex linked traits

  34. Pedigree • There is a difference between what is the chances of getting 50% affected offspring and having 50% chance of inheriting the disease. • Analogy: for each child that is born, 50% of the chance it could be a boy or girl. The total human population is generally divided evenly between males and females, and this is the result of the fact that each child born has 50% chance of being either gender

  35. Genetic engineering • PCR (draw & label) • DNA Sequencing • Human genome project • Cloning

  36. Restriction enzyme

  37. Dideoxy nucleotide • Sanger DNA Sequencing • Termination • Last nucleotide to be added to a growing sequence

  38. Intron vs. exons

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