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The Biosphere

Section 3-1 What is Ecology?. Studying Our PlanetBiosphereConsists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.Contains every organism, from bacteria living underground, to giant trees in rain forests, whales in polar seas, mold

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The Biosphere

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    1. Chapter 3 The Biosphere

    2. Section 3-1 What is Ecology? Studying Our Planet Biosphere Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. Contains every organism, from bacteria living underground, to giant trees in rain forests, whales in polar seas, mold spores drifting through the air – and of course, humans. Extends from about 8 kilometers above the Earth’s surface to as far as 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean.

    3. The components of the Biosphere

    4. The Science of Ecology Ecology is the study of the living things in the biosphere and their interactions with each other and their environment. The root is the Greek word oikos meaning “house.” Also the root for “economics” – Relates to human interactions based on money or trade. Nature’s economics are based on energy and nutrients.

    5. Levels of Organization Entire planet – all organisms and physical environments

    6. Levels of Organization Biome – a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms.

    7. Levels of Organization Ecosystem – All the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment.

    8. Levels of Organization Community – An assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area.

    9. Levels of Organization Population – A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

    10. Levels of Organization Individual organism

    11. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors The biological influences on organisms Any living part of the environments with which an organism might interact.

    12. Abiotic Factors The physical components of an ecosystem Any nonliving part of the environment.

    13. Identify the Biotic and Abiotic

    14. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Together. Living and nonliving components of the environment influence each other. Plant roots may stabilize soil Canyon walls provide shade and can limit what sorts of organisms can live there.

    15. How do the biotic an abiotic factors shape each other?

    16. Ecological Methods Three methods used by modern ecologists Observation Experimentation Modeling

    17. Observation Often the first step Lead to questions – “which species live here?” How many individuals of each species are there? May form the first step in designing experiments and models.

    19. Experimentation Can be used to test hypothesis. May include an artificial environment in a lab or greenhouse. May carefully alter conditions in selected parts of natural ecosystems.

    20. Biosphere 2

    21. Modeling Some events may occur over such long stretches time or over large distances that they are difficult to study directly. Many consist of mathematical formulas based on data. Further observations by ecologists can be used to test predictions based on these models.

    22. Model of a Predator/Prey Cycle

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