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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. 1485 - 1660. The Renaissance. Renaissance:. Literally means “rebirth” Marked a change in people’s values, beliefs and behavior Renewal of the human spirit of curiosity and creativity Renewed interest in the writings from Greece and Rome. Renaissance began in Italy.

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance 1485 - 1660

  2. The Renaissance

  3. Renaissance: • Literally means “rebirth” • Marked a change in people’s values, beliefs and behavior • Renewal of the human spirit of curiosity and creativity • Renewed interest in the writings from Greece and Rome

  4. Renaissance began in Italy Michelangelo Leonardo de Vinci Galileo Christopher Columbus

  5. Leonardo de Vinci

  6. Michalangelo

  7. Religion • Roman Catholic was the dominant religion • Church was very rich and powerful even in political affairs

  8. Humanism • An intellectual movement that used Latin and Greek classics combined with Christianity to teach people how to live and rule. Greek & Latin

  9. Printing Press • 1455 Johannes Gutenberg • Germany First book to be printed Latin Bible

  10. 1476 William Caxton brought it to England More books could be printed Books were more available to everyone Ideas could spread quickly Printing Press

  11. Two most famous humanists Desiderius Erasmus Thomas More

  12. Humanism Two Friends—Two Humanists Sir Thomas More Desiderius Erasmus • English lawyer • Dutch monk • wrote Utopia • traveled throughout Europe • held important offices • taught Greek • beheaded by order of Henry VIII Both men wrote in Latin; loved life, laughter, and classical learning; were dedicated to the church.

  13. Reformation • 1530’s • Open break with the Roman Church

  14. Henry VIII Breaks with the Church The Reformation in Europe In various countries . . . • reformers reject authority of pope and Italian churchmen In Germany . . . • Martin Luther founds new kind of Christianity, based on personal understanding of Bible In England . . . • strong national identity makes English people resent financial burdens imposed by Vatican

  15. Martin Luther • German Monk • Founded a new kind Of Christianity based on A personal understanding Of the Bible not what the Pope thought

  16. Henry VIII Breaks with the Church 1533 • Pope refuses Henry VIII’s request for annulment • Henry appoints new archbishop of Canterbury, who grants annulment 1534 • Henry declares himself head of the Church of England

  17. Henry VIII Breaks with the Church Protestant Reformation After 1534 • Henry closes monasteries • Protestantism begins in England Some people want to • get rid of “popish” things (bishops, prayer book, priests’ vestments) • make religion solely a matter between the individual and God

  18. Henry VIII Breaks with the Church Henry VIII (reigned 1509—1547) • “Renaissance man”—poet, musician, athlete • supported humanism • had six wives • created Royal Navy (ended foreign invasions, increased England’s power) • coarse and arrogant in his old age

  19. Henry VIII • Known for beheading people including several of his own wives • Divorced, beheaded, died • Divorced, beheaded, survived

  20. The Reign of Elizabeth I Heirs of Henry Edward VI (r. 1547–1553) Elizabeth I (r. 1558–1603) • the “boy king” • rules in name only • Daughter of Henry VIII by Ann Boleyn (beheaded) Mary Tudor (r. 1553–1558) • King Henry VIII’s daughter by Catherine of Aragon (the one he wanted to divorce)

  21. Nickname – Bloody Mary Restored the Pope’s power in England undoing many of the things that her father had done hunts down and executes Protestants Mary Tudor

  22. Elizabeth I • A.k.a. The Virgin Queen because she refused to marry • One of the most successful rulers in English history

  23. The Reign of Elizabeth I Elizabeth I—literary connoisseur; beloved symbol of peace, security, prosperity • restores law and order • reestablishes Church of England; rejects pope’s authority • never marries • survives numerous assassination plots

  24. The Reign of Elizabeth I Mary, Queen of Scots • Elizabeth’s cousin, heir to English throne • Catholic, deposed from throne in Scotland • initiates several plots to kill Elizabeth In 1587 . . . after enduring Mary and her plots for twenty years, Elizabeth sends her to the chopping block

  25. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588 • Vast fleet of warships from Spain (Spanish Armada) sent to invade England • England’s smaller ships defeat the Armada • Elizabeth’s finest moment • Assures England’s independence from Catholic countries of the Mediterranean

  26. Decline of the Renaissance James I (r. 1603–1625) 1649–1660 • benevolent but uninspiring ruler • patron of the arts • spendthrift • England ruled by Parliament and by the Puritan dictator Oliver Cromwell Charles I (r. 1625–1649) During this time . . . • remote, autocratic, self-destructive • beheaded by powerful subjects • Renaissance values gradually erode • Renaissance energies gradually give out

  27. King James I of England/ James VI of Scotland Sponsored new translation of the Bible King James Version

  28. Renaissance Ends • Charles II who was exiled returned in 1660

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