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Explore FDR's New Deal policies, from the banking concerns to the creation of social security, and their impact on the Great Depression. Learn about the phases of the New Deal, its successes and failures, and its legacy.
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FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • New Deal • Election of 1932 • New President New Ideas
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • PHASE ONE • First 100 days • Depression hit hard
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • March 1933 and June 1933 • Legislation • 3 basic categories of Legislation
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Relief • Recovery • Reform
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • RELIEF • Banking concerns • Run on banks contributed to depression
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • First order of business • “Bank holiday” closed all banks • Federal inspectors examined all banks
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Those deemed solvent reopened • Two thirds reopened • Restored confidence in banking industry
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Glass-Stegal banking act • Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • Insured accounts up to 2,500 dollars
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) • Loans to states to create programs to reduce unemployment
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Civilian Conservation Corp • Civil Works Administration
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Civilian Conservation Corps • (CCC) 1933 put young men to work
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Ages between 18-28 • Forest and parks • Popular of all New Deal • Temporary employment about 1 year • Lasted until 1934
Franklin D. Roosevelt • Civil Works Administration (CWA) • Temporary program • Get people back to work • Winter 1934
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • 4 million had government jobs • Make busy work • Severe criticism
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • RECOVERY • Agriculture Adjustment • Act
Franklin D. Roosevelt • Increase farm income by reducing crop growing • Paid farmers not to grow crops • Tax on food processors paid the shortfall
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • By 1935 farm income raised by 50 percent • However some small and tenant farmers were forced off land
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • National Recovery Act (NRA) • “codes of fair competition” • Minimum wage • Maximum hours • Price fixing controls • Collective bargaining
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Created Public Works Administration (PWA) • Building projects including dams and buildings • Not as successful business did not trust government
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • NRA collapsed before it was deemed unconstitutional by Supreme Court
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • REFORM • TVA • Tennessee Valley Authority • Developed area that was eroded
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Over cut forests led to uncontrollable flooding of Tennessee River
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Rural area void of electricity • Series of dams and locks • Made river navigable • Generated electricity for entire rural region
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Greatly improved standard of living • Conflict between large utilities and government • Ashwander v. TVA (1936)
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Supreme Court ruled in favor of government because land to develop TVA was acquired legally
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) • Regulated stock market • Took nation off gold standard
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Dollar would compete with other currency
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Second New Deal • Relief and Recovery
Federal Arts Project • First time gave aid to artists • Money for concerts to small towns
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Rural Electrification Administration • Cooperatives to build electric transmission plants
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • National Labor Relations Act creation of NLRB • Allowed to workers to elect • Which union they wanted to join
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • No discrimination if they joined a union
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Social Security Act • Pension supported by taxes for elderly • Small pension for elderly • Unemployment compensation
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Support for survivors • Health insurance • Health insurance was dropped in a compromise
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Banking Act of 1935 • Increased the power of the Federal Reserve Board • Federal Housing Authority • FHA
Franklin D. Roosevelt • Home loans at discounted rates • Increased home ownership to low and middle class
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Republicans gained seats in election of 1934 and 1938 • Challenged New Deal • Took many to Supreme Court
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • New Deal programs were deemed unconstitutional • Too Much Power to President • Too Much Federal power
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Roosevelt upset with Court
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • 1938 Roosevelt suggested to add 4 judges to court and replace all over 70
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • This would have swayed the court • “Court Packing” • Proofed to be a mistake for Roosevelt
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Failed however several judges retired allowing Roosevelt to appoint new judges • He got what he wanted
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • Legacy of the New Deal • 1. Extension of Federal Power • 2. Extension of the Power of the President
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • 3. Deficit Spending • 4. Federal Social Programs
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • 5. Greater Concern for Labor and Workers • 6. Conservation Gains • 7. Renewal of the faith in Democracy
FDR AND THE NEW DEAL • New Deal will influence lives to the present • Trouble on the Horizon