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Digital divide 20 February

Digital divide 20 February. COMP 381. Exercise. For the scenario you have, What impediments have technology added to the individual ? How can technology help? What are the costs and difficulties in getting those advantages?. Service Learning experiences. Anecdotes and Observations.

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Digital divide 20 February

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  1. Digital divide20 February COMP 381

  2. Exercise For the scenario you have, • What impediments have technology added to the individual? • How can technology help? • What are the costs and difficulties in getting those advantages?

  3. Service Learning experiences Anecdotes and Observations

  4. Introduction

  5. What is the Digital Divide? The gap between those who can benefit from digital technology and those who cannot Craig Warren Smith Two perspectives: • Physical Access to Digital Technology • Digital Knowledge and Know-How

  6. Causes (FORMS) • Income • Ability to afford computers and Internet connection • Education • School funding leads to imbalances in digital knowledge • Geographic Location • Lower levels of connectivity in rural areas • Age  • Generational disparities • Disabilities • 60% of disabled people have never used a PC (I/O Solutions) • Public vs. Private Access • Home vs. library and school only • Broadband vs. Dial-Up • Speed of access provides different experience

  7. Geographic Impacts Can be seen at every level: Global National State Local Can you give examples?

  8. global

  9. Global Digital Divide(International Telecommunication Union)

  10. Mobile usage Developing Nations Mobile subscriptions: 67 per 100 people Internet subscriptions: 21 per 100 people

  11. Internet use

  12. Mobile use

  13. Aspects of Global Divide • Socioeconomic • Issues of infrastructure and wealth • Implications • Physical Access • Financial Access • Cognitive Access • Political Control of Information

  14. globalization

  15. World is Becoming Smaller The world's products are exchanged as never before, and with increasing transportation comes increasing knowledge and larger trade. We travel greater distances in a shorter space of time, and with more ease, than was ever dreamed of. The same important news is read, though in different languages, the same day, in all the world. Isolation is no longer possible. No nation can longer be indifferent to any other. William McKinley 1901

  16. Globalization • Technology can preserve language and traditions • Can teach the world about cultures • Homogenization can lead to loss of local customs and traditions

  17. One laptop per child • Non-profit • inexpensivelaptop • designed for children in developing countries.

  18. national

  19. United States In 2011, 78.2% of Americans had access to the Internet(World Bank) Where do you think the United States lies in comparison to other countries? Access to the Internet around the World

  20. United States How much consistency across states? Differences among States (spreadsheet)

  21. Consequences: EMPLOYMENT 1. Less info about employment opportunities 2. Inferior digital competencies in the workplace Since 2002, over 60% of jobs require technical skills 3. Differences in human network connectivity Cumulative Disadvantage Being digitally connected becomes ever more critical to economic, educational, and social advancement. Those without the appropriate tools and applicable skills will become increasingly disadvantaged. Chris Fleetwood

  22. US Educational system Computer/Internet Access in Schools • Money based on neighborhood's socioeconomics • Primary location of digital education for youth E-Rate Program • Discounted telecommunications services  • Started in 1997 • Impact: • Classroom Internet access grew from 14% in 1996 to 95% in 2005 (PippaNorris)

  23. humorously

  24. North carolina

  25. NORTH CAROLINA RANKS • % households with a computer: 42 • % households with Internet access: 39 • % households with broadband access: 29 NC Broadband

  26. age

  27. Digital Natives vs. Digital Immigrants Digital Natives: "native speakers" of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet Digital Immigrants: Not born into the digital world Adopted many or most aspects of the new technology

  28. Digital Natives • Receive information rapidly • Parallel process • Multi-task • Prefer graphics first • Prefer random access • Thrive on instant gratification and frequent rewards • Fundamentally think and process information differently

  29. Internet use by age (Use the Internet at least occasionally) Ages 18-29:    92%Ages 30-49:    87%Ages 50-64:    79%Ages 65 +:      42% Recent survey: increased internet access and use by senior citizens cuts the incidence of depression by at least 20%

  30. IMPACT ON EDUCATION Digital Immigrant instructors, who speak an outdated language, are struggling to teach Digital Natives, who speak an entirely new language

  31. Aging Effects of aging: Decreased memory attention cognitive speed visual acuity fine motor control All crucial capacities needed to use a computer Thus, may decide the results are not worth the effort and the digital divide remains

  32. (DIS)Abilities

  33. (Dis)abilities • Learning impairment • Can be overwhelming • Self-paced material • Social difficulties • Isolation • Opportunities • Visual impairment • Loss of visual content • Screen readers • Hearing impairment • Loss of audio impact • Speech to text • Physical impairment • Can be cumbersome, awkward, slow; often expensive • Broad range of devices

  34. Other accessibility technologies • Hearing impaired • Facetop • Stuttering • Speecheasy • What starts as accessibility can help many • Different learning styles • Different academic levels • Different languages

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