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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Fungi. Autotroph Heterotroph. Fungi are mostly saprobes, meaning they feed on dead organisms. That makes them HETEROTROPHS! . Fungi cell walls are made of…. Cellulose Peptidoglycan Chitin. Chitin!. Fungi Characteristics. Eukaryotic Heterotrophic

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi

  2. Fungi • Autotroph • Heterotroph Fungi are mostly saprobes, meaning they feed on dead organisms. That makes them HETEROTROPHS!

  3. Fungi cell walls are made of… • Cellulose • Peptidoglycan • Chitin Chitin!

  4. Fungi Characteristics • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Multicellular(except yeast, which are unicellular) • Cell walls made of chitin Penicillium, the fungi that makes penicillin (the antibiotic) 

  5. Why are fungi not considered plants?Fungi vs. Plants Fungi Plants Plants are autotrophs: they use photosynthesis to make their own food Cell walls of cellulose • Fungi are heterotrophs: they do not make their own food; they must obtain it from the organisms or materials on which they live. • Cell walls of chitin

  6. How do you know that fungi in these pictures are heterotrophs? Decomposers eat dead plants/animals and break them down into simpler materials!

  7. Parts of Multicellular Fungi

  8. How do fungi reproduce? • In their life cycle, most fungi reproduce both sexually & asexually! • Sexual Reproduction: • Fusion of 2 fungi • Asexual Reproduction: • If cells of hyphae break off, they can grow into a new fungus. • Production of spores that can spread (like fungus seeds) that will grow into a new fungus

  9. Asexual Reproduction in Fungi • One way for a fungi to reproduce asexually is to release spores. • The spores will be genetically identical to the single parent! • Spores must land in a favorable environment to germinate (grow). An Earthstar Puffball, or Geastrumsaccatum, expels a cloud of spores.

  10. How do fungal spores spread? • Spores spread easily in the wind. • Some fungi are specialized to attract animals, who will disperse the spores over a long distance! Stinkhorns smell like rotting meat, which attracts flies. When the flies land on the fungus, they ingest the spores. The flies will then deposit the spores wherever they go.

  11. Fun Fact! On a clear day, a few liters of fresh air may contain hundreds of spores from many species of fungi!

  12. Remember! Sexual Reproduction in Humans • Egg & sperm cells are made during meiosis! • Egg & sperm are haploid (n). • When egg & sperm cells fuse, they create a zygote. • They zygote is diploid (2n). Sperm (n) + Egg (n) Zygote (2n)

  13. Sexual Reproduction in Fungi • Fungi are not male or female; they are plus (+) or minus (-). • When hyphae of the 2 types meet, they begin to fuse together. • (n + n = 2n) • After fusion, new spores are produced with meiosis. Here, the spores are produced sexually, not asexually! • They are a genetic combination of 2 fungi parents!

  14. How big is kingdom fungi? There are about 75,000 identified species of fungi. Scientists believe there are around 1 million species that are still undiscovered!

  15. Fungi Classification • Kingdom Fungi can be broken down into 4 major phylums: • Zygomycota • Basidiomycota • Ascomycota • Deuteromycota

  16. Deuteromycota Kingdom Fungi

  17. Phylum ZygomycotaCommon Molds • Can grow on foods & appear fuzzy • Reproduce asexually by producing spores Mold is added to bleu cheese, which gives it its unique taste. Black Bread Mold, Rhizopusstolonifer

  18. Phlyum AscomycotaSac Fungi • Live in moist, warm, & anaerobic (without oxygen) environments • Some are unicellular; some are multicellular. • Sexual or asexual reproduction Some sac fungi cause disease. Saccharomyces (yeast) are unicellular fungi!

  19. Yeast • In a favorable environment, yeast will rapidly divide & perform alcoholic fermentation. • Remember!Alcoholic Fermentation: conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide & alcohol

  20. Phylum BasidiomycotaClub Fungi • The fruiting body resembles a club that has basidia (produces spores) on the underside of the club part. • Mushrooms – never pick & eat a wild mushroom; they can kill you!

  21. Phylum DeuteromycotaImperfect Fungi • They do not go through sexual reproduction Penicillium is a mold that grows on fruit. It is famous for producing penicillin, the antibiotic.

  22. I have basidia. • Deuteromycota • Basidiomycota • Ascomycotes • Zygomycota Basidiomycota

  23. I only reproduce asexually. • Deuteromycota • Basidiomycota • Ascomycotes • Zygomycota Deuteromycota

  24. Which gas is produced during alcoholic fermentation? • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Carbon Monoxide • Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide

  25. Kingdom Fungi is a diverse kingdom! How do these fungi get nutrients? Remember! Most fungi are saprobes, meaning they obtain food from decaying matter.

  26. Before you leave, answer the following question on a sheet of notebook paper (share!): Your neighbor has mushrooms growing in his front yard. Everyday, he stomps on the mushrooms to kill them. Even if he stomps on all of the mushrooms, they keep coming back. Why is his stomping ineffective? Why do the mushrooms continue to grow back? (Hint** think about the structure of mushrooms!)

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