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The Seven Deadly Nyms

The Seven Deadly Nyms. Taly Sharon. taly@sharon-it.com sharont@alum.mit.edu. The Seven Deadly Nyms. Contronyms Heteronyms Polyonyms Homonyms Capitonym Caconyms Exonym. Nyms (1). Contronyms is a single word that has multiple meanings that contradict the others Examples:

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The Seven Deadly Nyms

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  1. The Seven Deadly Nyms Taly Sharon taly@sharon-it.com sharont@alum.mit.edu www.sharon-it.com

  2. The Seven Deadly Nyms • Contronyms • Heteronyms • Polyonyms • Homonyms • Capitonym • Caconyms • Exonym www.sharon-it.com

  3. Nyms (1) • Contronyms is a single word that has multiple meanings that contradict the others • Examples: • Fast - moving quickly vs. firmly stuck in place • Hysterical - overwhelmed with fear vs. outrageously funny • Heteronyms are words that are spelled identically but have different meanings when pronounced differently: • Examples: bow, desert, object • Polyonyms are different words have the same meaning • Examples: Jupiter, Zeus, Oden www.sharon-it.com

  4. Nyms (2) • Homonyms are words that have the same sound but a completely different meaning • Examples: to, too, two • Comment: Some homonyms are also contronyms • Capitonym is a word that changes pronunciation and meaning when it is capitalized. • Examples: • You polish silver with ammonia and silicon, though you'd never dream of applying the same to a Polish sausage. www.sharon-it.com

  5. An Ode to the Spelling Chequer www.sharon-it.com

  6. Nyms (3) • Caconym is an erroneous name, especially in taxonomic classification. • Caconyms might be useful for tracking down archaic or outdated usage but misleading otherwise. • Exonym is a place name that foreigners use instead of the name that natives use. • Examples: Cologne:Koln; Morocco:Maroc. • Using exonyms as search terms will likely net results biased toward foreign information www.sharon-it.com

  7. How to learn more about Nyms? • Dictionary • Thesaurus • Examples: • WordNet http://wordnet.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn • Synonym http://www.synonym.com/synonym/ • Webster online www.webster.com • www.Thesaurus.com • www.visualthesaurus.com (pay) • Google define: • Google ~ www.sharon-it.com

  8. Thesaurus • Semantic network (graph) of related terms. • Can be created manually or generated automatically using statistics. • Relations in the thesaurus can be weighted. • Can be used to enhance and refine queries. Like Similar 3 3 2 Love 2 Adore www.sharon-it.com

  9. Water pipe Synonyms:conduit, hookah, hubble-bubble, kalian, main, nargileh, plumbing, sluice, steam pipe, water conduit, water MainSource:  Roget's New Millennium™ Thesaurus, First Edition (v 1.3.1) www.sharon-it.com

  10. Webster www.sharon-it.com

  11. Thesaurus - example • http://www.thesurus.com • Query: “can” http://thesaurus.reference.com/search?q=can • able • container • toilet • and many more… www.sharon-it.com

  12. שימוש בתיזראוס גנרי http://thesaurus.reference.com/search?q=WATER www.sharon-it.com

  13. Visual Thesaurus http://www.visualthesaurus.com www.sharon-it.com

  14. Visual Thesaurus www.sharon-it.com

  15. I-Tools Language Tools • Shortcuts to many dictionaries, thesauri, and other tools. • http://www.itools.com/lang/ www.sharon-it.com

  16. Thesauri @ I-Tools • http://www.itools.com/lang www.sharon-it.com

  17. מילון ותזאורוס בעברית • בתשלום (גישה לאוניברסיטאות) • http://www.ravmilim.co.il/tour/defaultTour.asp www.sharon-it.com

  18. Learning Synonyms from Google • Using ~ and - to find all synonyms • example process: • ~car returns keywords in bold (car, cars, auto, BMW, etc.) • ~car -car returns all except car (cars, auto, BMW, etc.) • ~car -car -cars -auto -BMW (motor, van, etc.) • repeat the process to discover different synonyms (up to 31) www.sharon-it.com

  19. Coping with Nyms • Learn the different meanings (using tools) • Disambiguate: • add words to query • remove (-) words from query www.sharon-it.com

  20. Thesaurus – Historical AltaVista Query Refinement • http://www.altavista.com/ www.sharon-it.com

  21. Historical AltaVista Query Refinement (cont.) • http://www.altavista.com/ www.sharon-it.com

  22. Using Synonyms with Google • Using ~ and - to select synonyms • Example: • ~Aluminum • retrieves: • aluminum • Alumina • Al • Metals • New Query: ~aluminum -ElAl -al-qaida • When looking for children related but not family oriented websites use: • ~child –family www.sharon-it.com

  23. טבלת העזר לתכנון השאילתא www.sharon-it.com

  24. לסיכום: שלבי הפעולה באסטרטגיית חיפוש • שלב א': לגבש את אוצר מילות המפתח, הביטויים הנרדפים והנושאים הקשורים. • שלב ב': לגבש את מבנה החיפוש (להציב תנאי חיפוש בין הביטויים) • שלב ג': להריץ את השאילתות ולבדוק את יעילותן . מעמי סלנט www.sharon-it.com

  25. Exercises • What is the problem that can be associated with each of the following terms? Which category of Nym does it belong to? • Content • Root • Convict • Florence • Week • Record www.sharon-it.com

  26. Exercises • What are the different terms describing the word cheapaccording to Google? • You are looking for stores for cheap buys of goods, which terms would be right to use? (hint try ~ -) • What terms does Google find related to fly? • Try searching for fly in the thesaurus and visual thesaurus. • If you are interested in the recreation related to fly, which are the correct terms to use or remove? www.sharon-it.com

  27. References • The Seven Deadly Nyms http://searchenginewatch.com/searchday/article.phpr/2160501 • List of Heteronyms http://www-personal.umich.edu/~cellis/heteronym.html • http://www.fun-with-words.com/ www.sharon-it.com

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