The British Take Over India

1. The British Take Over India Chapter 12 Section 2

2. Indian Diversity • The British conquered vast territory by exploiting diversity of India • Indians who had different traditions and languages were not able to unite against new comers (the British) • The British took advantage of the Indians by encouraging competition and disunity

3. East Indian Company British Policy British Officials Introduced Western education Legal procedures Christianity ( by trying to convert Indians) Social change The improvement of the position of women in the family • Make more money • Make leading officials very rich In the process they tried to: • Improved roads • Preserve peace and reduce • Banditry (robbers) • End slavery & the caste system (the organization of classes within a society)

4. One law that was changed: Sati=a Hindu custom practiced mainly by the upper class. A widow would join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.

5. FYI Hinduism • All life is sacred • Animals respected • Cow is sacred • Most Hindus are vegetarians • Basic beliefs • World is evil • Reincarnation after death (animal or human) • Soul purified by completion of caste duties • Reverence for animals • Escape world’s evils through prayer

6. Causes of DiscontentUnpopular Moves by East Indian Co. • They required the sepoys(Indian soldiers) to serve anywhere, in India or overseas FYI- It was an offense against the Hindu religion to travel overseas for the high-caste Hindus • It passed laws for Hindus widows to remarry (This was viewed by the Hindus as a Christian conspiracy to undermine the Hindu beliefs) • British issued rifles to sepoys in which the sepoys had to bite off the tips of cartridges that was made of animal fat of cows or pigs. • Hindus believed cows were sacred and pigs were forbidden to Muslims

7. Rebellion & Aftermath Sepoys Rebel British Crushed Revolts Torched villages Murdered thousands of unarmed Indians This left bitterness, fear, & mistrust on both sides Parliament ended East Indian Co. & sent more troops to India • Sepoys had an uprising against their British officers which spread across India • Sepoys murdered British men, women, & children

8. Positives and Negatives • POSITIVE EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM ON COLONIAL POWERS • + Provides manufacturers with cheap raw materials and markets • + Profitable business opportunities: increased trade • + Opened up colonial careers for government officials and military men • + More military bases, human resources, and world prestige • NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM ON COLONIAL POWERS • - Taxpayers had to finance colonial improvements and defense • - Colonial rivalries often resulted in war • - Increased the belief that colonial people are inferior to you • - Colonial people disliked their ruling people • POSITIVE EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM ON COLONIES • + Established industries, furthered agriculture, and developed natural resources • + Improved communication and transportation • + Trained people with new skills and provided employment • + Constructed educational and health facilities • + Attempted to stop native warfare as well as barbaric practices • + Introduced Western Culture: Christianity, democracy, and modern science • + Trained colonies in the ideas of government • NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM ON COLONIES • - Drained wealth from the area • - Only emphasized mineral and agricultural production, and discouraged colonial manufacturing • - Required long hours of work with very little pay • - Discriminated against native people and degraded the culture • - Introduced new diseases • - Imperial countries were often known as the native oppressors

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