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BASIC GENETICS

BASIC GENETICS. GENE : a unit of DNA that controls a trait of a particular organism (ex. Freckles) ALLELE : an alternative form a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Homologous Chromosomes. Allele #1. Allele #2. Gene.

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BASIC GENETICS

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  1. BASIC GENETICS

  2. GENE: a unit of DNA that controls a trait of a particular organism (ex. Freckles) • ALLELE: an alternative form a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Homologous Chromosomes Allele #1 Allele #2 Gene

  3. Homologous Chromosomes Homologous Chromosomes Gene Gene

  4. Genotype(s): Phenotype: Genotype: Phenotype:

  5. How to set up your punnett square • Read the word problem. Identify the dominant and recessive traits. • Make a key to represent the dominant and recessive alleles. • Determine the alleles of the parents. • Place the alleles of the parents along the top and left side of the punnett square. • Cross the alleles inside the boxes. • Determine the ratios of the offspring.

  6. Cross a homozygous purple flower with a white flower. Purple is dominant to white. PHENOTYPIC RATIO: GENOTYPIC RATIO:

  7. Cross two heterozygous Brown haired parents. Brown is Dominant to Blonde. PHENOTYPIC RATIO: GENOTYPIC RATIO:

  8. A heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant. Tall is Dominant to Short. PHENOTYPIC RATIO: GENOTYPIC RATIO:

  9. pedigrees

  10. Pedigree analysis Male = Female = Marriage = Sibling = Fraternal Twins = Identical Twins = (Non-identical) Organization Rules: 1. Generations are numbered using Roman numerals, I, II, III, etc. 2. Children are placed in birth order starting from the left side.

  11. KEY = healthy = Tay Sacs pedigree

  12. KEY = brown eyes = blue eyes pedigree

  13. The O’Connor Pedigree for Brown Hair KEY Brown Hair (B) = Blonde hair (b) =

  14. Family Pedigree for Poison Ivy Susceptibility KEY Immune to poison ivy (R) = Susceptible to poison ivy (r) = I. II. III.

  15. Family Pedigree for Polydactly KEY Six-fingered (F) = Five-fingered (f) =

  16. COMPLEXGENETICS INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

  17. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE: A type of inheritance when a heterozygous geneotype expresses a blending phenotype.

  18. R= red W= white #1 Cross a snapdragon white flower with a pink flower.

  19. R= red W= white #2 Cross a snapdragon pink flower with a pink flower.

  20. C = curly hair S= straight hair #3 Cross a wavy haired person with a straight haired person.

  21. COMPLEXGENETICS CO - DOMINANCE

  22. Co-Dominance: 2 alleles are equally dominant and expressed. • There are 3 alleles for blood typing: A, B, O • A and B alleles are co-dominant • O allele is recessive • Even though “O” is capitalized, it is still considered a recessive allele. PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE

  23. #1 Cross a person with homozygous “a” blood and a Person with Homozygous “B” blood.

  24. #2 Cross an “O” blood person with a “AB” blood person.

  25. #3 Cross a heterozygous “A” blood person with a heterozygous “B” blood person.

  26. COMPLEXGENETICS SEX-LINKED

  27. SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE A type of inheritance where certain alleles are found only on one sex chromosome (X) Color Blindness Hemophilia Werewolf Syndrome

  28. TEST# 1 TEST# 2

  29. Red-Green Color Blindness

  30. Green-Yellow Color Blindness

  31. Basic Sex Determination Punnett Square

  32. #1 Cross a colorblind Male with a Normal Female.

  33. #2 Cross a colorblind Male with a Normal Female carrier.

  34. KEY Normal = Colorblind =

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