Genetics Review (Basic)

1. Genetics Review(Basic)

2. 1. What is the molecule that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function? DNA

3. 2. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell? DNA is located in the nucleus

4. 3. What are the factors that control an individual’s characteristics and are passed down from parent to offspring? Genes

5. 4. Where are genes located? Gene 1 On DNA Gene 2

6. 5. Some genes come in more than one form that can express different traits. What are these different forms called? Alleles Spot Color Gene Red spot allele Yellow spot allele

7. 6. The principle which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. Principle of Dominance Kinked tails are dominant over straight tails.

8. 7. A specific characteristic of an individual, like flower color. Trait

9. 8. The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. Fertilization

10. 9. The separation of alleles. Segregation White flower allele Purple flower allele P p

11. 10. Another name for sex cells. Sperm Gametes Egg

12. 11. The likelihood that a particular event will occur. Probability

13. 12. The probability that a coin will come up heads three times in a row. ½ ½ = 1/8 x x ? ½

14. 13. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. Tall allele Tall allele T T Homozygous

15. 14. The physical characteristics of an organism. Phenotype

16. 15. Having two different alleles for a particular gene. Tall allele t Short allele T Heterozygous

17. 16. The genetic makeup of an organism. TtppRrIIggYY Genotype

18. 17. How many different gametes can aTtindividual produce? T t Two:

19. Four: 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce? R r G g R r G g

20. Four: 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce? R r G g RG R r G g

21. Four: 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce? R r G g RG Rg R r G g

22. Four: 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce? R r G g RG Rg rG R r G g

23. 19. How many different gametes can a IIrrYY individual produce? One: r IIrrYY I Y

24. A Punnett Square 20. What is the square below called? x P Legend F1 R Round seed r Wrinkled seed

25. 21. What does P and F1 stand for? Parental generation x P Legend F1 Filial generation (offspring) R Round seed r Wrinkled seed

26. 22. What is the genotype of each parent? ? x ? r r Legend F1 R Round seed R r Wrinkled seed r

27. Homozygous recessive Heterozygous 22. What is the genotype of each parent? Rr x rr r r Legend F1 R Round seed R r Wrinkled seed r

28. Wrinkled seeds 23. What is the phenotype of each parent? Rr x rr r r Legend F1 Round seeds R Round seed R r Wrinkled seed r

29. 24. Complete the Punnett Square? Rr x rr r r Legend F1 R Round seed Rr Rr R r Wrinkled seed rr rr r

30. 50 % 25. What percent of the F1 offspring are homozygous recessive? Rr x rr r r Legend F1 R Round seed Rr Rr R r Wrinkled seed rr rr r

31. 0 % 26. For this cross, what percent of F1 offspring will be homozygous dominant? PP x pp P p p Legend F1 P Purple flower Pp Pp P p White flower Pp Pp P

32. 27. A principle that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. Independent assortment

33. 28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?

34. 28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ? 23 = Eight different gametes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

35. 29. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below. Roan cow Pinto (Paint) Codominance Spangled chicken Erminette chicken

36. X X 30. Name the type of inheritance pattern shown below Parents F1 Hybrids Incomplete dominance F2

37. 31. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below. Multiple alleles P = pattern p = no pattern PM = Moon PB = Box

38. 32. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below. Polygenic Inheritance Human eye color and fruit fly eye color

39. 33. Besides genotype, what other factor influences how a snowshoe hare’s phenotype (coat color) changes over a period of one year? The environment

40. 34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them. B D E A C

41. 34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them. E B D A C Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Interphase II Telophase I

42. 35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Interphase II Telophase I E B D A C G F I H J

43. 35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Interphase II Telophase I E B D A C G F I H J

44. 35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Interphase II Telophase I E B D A C F I H G J Anaphase II Cytokinesis Telophase II Prophase II Metaphase II

45. 36. Draw a diagram showing the process of crossing over.

46. 37. Draw two genes that are not linked. Because the black and green genes are on separate chromosomes, they are not linked.

47. 38. Draw two genes that are linked. Because the purple and white genes are on the same chromosome, they are linked. Linked genes

48. 39. Which gene pair is most likely to be separated by a crossing over event and why? A Because genes A and C are far apart from each other, there is a high probability that a crossing over event will occur between them. Genes A and C Because genes B and C are very close to one another, there is a low probability that a crossing over event will occur between them. B C

49. 40. Who is this guy and what important work did he do? Gregor Mendel: He discovered some basic rules of heredity by experimenting with pea plants.