ECAT – a paradigm shift in green energy production »

1. ECAT – a paradigm shift in green energy production »

2. Content • Errata • Measures • Thermal Measurements • Thermal Power Calculations • Power and Energy Densities • COP • Heat After Death

3. Errata • Inner Cylinder Hypothesis • The inner cylinder hypothesis are wrong when it comes to radiation. • The inner cylinder will only radiate from the area of the cylinder opening. • This estimate was due to melting problems when trying to seal the openings. • Heat was probably convected away through the openings in higher amounts but this has now been omitted in this Errata report.

4. Area

5. Weight • All parts were dissembled and weighted: • Outer Cylinder: 1272,7 g • Inner Cylinder: 705,4 g • Ceramic Resistors: 2292,8 g • Ceramic Washers: 24,4 g • Putty: 27,7 g • Active Material: 20,38 g • Total Weight: 4343,4 g • The central thing for power and energy density measurements will be the weight of the active material.

6. Temperature • Temperature Measurements • Measured by IR Camera • Precision +/- 0.1 C • Data taken by snapshots every minute for 420 minutes • 150 x 120 measure points • Emissivity set to 1 to only account for Radiant Temperature • ECAT HT Key Resolution128 x 32 measure points

7. Emissivity Emissivity is defined, e = Pg/Pb, Kinetic Temperature, Tk Radiant Temperature, TrTr=e1/4Tk IR Camera Measures Trand calculates Tk by entering the emissivity, e. If set to, e =1, then one reads Tr .

8. Radiation

9. Convection

10. Conduction As is seen from the setup there will also be heat losses due to conduction. In this case there can be heat conduction through the wirings and also from the steel framework. This amount has been impossible to estimate and is therefore omitted in the calculations.

11. Power • Power vs Time • Max Output Power 8.4 kW Max Radiation: 7.5 kW Max Convection:0.9 kW • Max Input Power 3.6 kW • COP at Maximum2.3 • Energy vs Time • Total Output17.9 kWh • Total Input8.3 kWh • Total Radiation Output14.9 kWh • Total Convection Output2.9 kWh • Avg COP: 2.2

12. Power and Energy Densities • Mass of Active Material20.38 g • Max Net Power4.85 kW • Max Power Density238 kW/kg • Total Net Energy9.57 kWh • Minimum Energy Density470 kWh/kg(Hydrogen burned with Oxygen has 39 kWh/kg)

13. COP • COP vs Time • Drops because Input Power Steps • Max measured value 3 • Initially falls with power but at the end recovers • Avg COP vs Time • Avg COP around 2.2 • The increase in the end is due to Heat After Death and the early losses are due to Heat Capacity in the materials

14. Heat After Death • Power After Death • Drops from 8.4 kW to 802 W in 34 minutes • Still 802 W when measurements ends • Energy and Temperature • Temperature drops from 1074 K to 572 K in 34 minutes • Still 299 C at end of measurments • Energy released after death1460 Wh • Needed Cp = 1460*3.6/(4.4*502)=2.4 kJ/kgK • Steel 450-700 J/kgK, Ceramics 700-900 J/kgK • Example with 1 kJ/kgKSpecific Heat = 611 Wh

15. Conclusion • The ”Rossi effect” is verified • The Power source can not be of chemical nature