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NUTRITION

02 Feb. 2010. Nutri.ppt. 2. NUTRIENTS. Classes of nutrientsCarbohydrates = glucoseLipids = triglyceridesProteins = amino acidsVitaminsMinerals. 02 Feb. 2010. Nutri.ppt. 3. NUTRIENTS. Uses of NUTRIENTS (general)1. Catabolism2. Synthesis of other compounds, macromolecules, etc.3. Stora

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NUTRITION

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    1. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 1 NUTRITION

    2. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 2 NUTRIENTS Classes of nutrients Carbohydrates = glucose Lipids = triglycerides Proteins = amino acids Vitamins Minerals

    3. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 3 NUTRIENTS Uses of NUTRIENTS (general) 1. Catabolism 2. Synthesis of other compounds, macromolecules, etc. 3. Storage

    4. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 4 Carbohydrates Digested to monosaccharides, glucose Catabolism Cellular respiration (already studied) Synthesis Amino acids Lipogenesis, conversion to fatty acids & glycerol Storage as glycogen in liver, muscle cells (glycogenesis)

    5. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 5 Carbohydrates Synthesis Amino acids Lipogenesis G3-P to glycerol Acetyl CoA to fatty acids

    6. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 6 Lipids Digested to fatty acids, glycerol Catabolism Cellular respiration Synthesis Structural molecules, phospholipids, cholesterol Regulatory molecules, steroids, prostaglandins Storage as Triglycerides in adipose tissue

    7. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 7 Lipids Catabolism, Cellular respiration Glycerol ? G3-P Enters glycolysis from G3-P down to pyruvic acid, etc. from G3-P up to glucose Gluconeogenesis

    8. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 8 Lipids Catabolism, Cellular respiration Fatty acids “beta oxidation” to 2C fragments oxidized to acetate ? acetyl CoA, enters Krebs cycle

    9. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 9 Lipids Fatty acids Ketogenesis in liver, hepatocytes 2 acetyl CoA ? acetoacetic acid (4C) + CoA acetoacetic acid ? "ketone bodies"

    10. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 10 Lipids Fatty acids acetoacetic acid ? "ketone bodies" "ketone bodies" transported in blood, converted back to acetyl CoA to enter Krebs cycle Cardiac muscle, kidney cortex use "ketone bodies" in preference to glucose. Brain can use "ketone bodies" during starvation.

    11. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 11 Lipids Fatty acids Energy yield from 6C fatty acid Beta oxidation ? 3 acetate (2C) Krebs Cycle & E.T.C. yield 36 ATP same yield as from glucose, less weight

    12. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 12 Lipids Fatty acids Most fatty acids are larger, 12-30 C, with 3 fatty acids & glycerol. Triglycerides Energy yield ~ 9 kcal/g Compare to carbohydrates, ~ 4 kcal/g

    13. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 13 Proteins Digested to amino acids Catabolism Deamination of amino acids 2NH3 + CO2 ? urea + H2O Remaining pieces enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle Synthesis of new Proteins Storage no significant storage of amino acids

    14. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 14 Protein Catabolism Deamination of amino acids 2NH3 + CO2 ? urea + H2O Remaining pieces enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle

    15. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 15 Protein Catabolism Pieces enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle 2C pieces as acetyl CoA 3C pieces as G3-P or pyruvic acid Possible Gluconeogenesis 4C pieces at various points of Krebs Cycle

    16. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 16 REGULATION of METABOLISM Depends on Activity, use of ATP, metabolic rate Metabolism uses glucose, triglycerides to make ATP As ATP depleted, more glucose, etc. used. Glucose release from storage As glucose, etc. depleted from storage, must be replaced from FOOD

    17. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 17 Appetite Regulation FEEDING center (hypothalamus) stimulates appetite, food-seeking SATIETY center (hypothalamus) inhibits Feeding Center These affected by nutrient content of blood, GI tract, hormones, etc.

    18. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 18 Absorptive state Just fed, in process of digestion & absorption ANABOLIC pathways predominate glycogenesis protein synthesis lipogenesis (storage) also Catabolism of glucose (never stops)

    19. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 19 Postabsorptive state Fasting, no new nutrients from intestine CATABOLIC pathways predominate Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Protein hydrolysis, deamination fragments to Krebs cycle Gluconeogenesis

    20. 02 Feb. 2010 Nutri.ppt 20 Body Temperature Balance heat production (input) and loss (output) Production/Conservation Max. in cool environment Loss of heat Max. in warm environment

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