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Processors and Chipsets

Processors and Chipsets. Unit objectives Many different processors used for PCs and notebooks Chipsets and how they work Keeping a processor cool using heat sinks and coolers Install or upgrade a processor. Pg 169. Processors. Intel AMD Cyrix/VIA Smaller plahyer Rated by

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Processors and Chipsets

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  1. Processors and Chipsets Unit objectives • Many different processors used for PCs and notebooks • Chipsets and how they work • Keeping a processor cool using heat sinks and coolers • Install or upgrade a processor Pg 169

  2. Processors • Intel • AMD • Cyrix/VIA • Smaller plahyer • Rated by • System bus speed • Core CPU Frequency • Word Size • 32 or 6 bit • Data Path • 64 or 128 bit • Multiprocessor • Memory • Special Codes • MMX, HT, VT Pg 170

  3. How a Processor works • I/O unit • Manages input and output of information • Control Unit • Manages information in chip • Arithmetic/Logic unit • Does calcs • Registers • Small memory areas • Internal memory cache • Much faster than motherboard memory Pg 171

  4. How a Processor works • FSB/External Bus • To I/O areas • 64 bits • Internal Bus • 32 bits wide • BSB • To internal memory Pg 171

  5. System Bus/Front Side Bus/Speed • Speed that info is placed on the bus Pg 172

  6. Processor Speed • Internal Processor speed • Multiplier from front side bus • System bus x multiplier=processor • Multiplier set by • BIOS • Manually • With Jumpers • Overclocking • Running a processor at higher multiplier • Throttling • Slow down speed to reduce heat Pg 172

  7. Data path and word size • Part of system bus that transports info to processor • Word size is largest number of bits that can be processed in one operation • Can receive more than they process Pg 173

  8. Multi Processing • Multiprocessing • Dual Processors • Dual Core • Multiple ALU to do multiple operations each cycle Pg 173

  9. Memory Cache • On chip, or sometimes motherboard • Static RAM • Much faster than MB RAM • System tries to guess what it will need and have it in SRAM so processor doesn’t have to go to RAM Pg 174

  10. Memory Cache Pg 175

  11. Instruction Sets • Microcode used on processor • Reduced Complexity Instruction Computing (RISC) • Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) • Newer Intel use explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) • Special Codes • MMX • SSE • Hyper Threading • SIMD Pg 175

  12. Intel • Many different models • Pentiums were dual ALU • 32 word inside • 64 bit path • MMX • III • Celeron • P4 • Newer XEON are actually 64 bit work Pg 178

  13. Intel • Mobile Pentiums • Laptops • Xeon • Originally 32 bit • Now 64 bit, not really pentiums • Itanium • 64 bit word • No HT, but EPIC Pg 178

  14. AMD • Uses slightly different code • Compatible with Pentium • Need different motherboard • Mostly 64 bit now Pg 182

  15. VIA and Cyrix • Used to compete with Pentium • Used same form factor • Now focused on electronic devices Pg 184

  16. Processor Packages • Flat and Thin • For example-Plastic Pin Grid Array-Socket 370 • Socket Type • Cartridge-Soit upright in slot • SECC, SECC2, SEP • Flat cartridge-lie on board Pg 184

  17. Sockets and Slots • Must match processor to package to motherboard • Need to know current type • Land Pin Grid Array, PGA, SPGA • square • DIP • Rectangular • LIF and ZIF Pg 188

  18. The Chipset • Set of chips on the motherboard for memory, buses and peripherals • Dictates processor speeds, memory type and amount Pg 190

  19. Heat Sinks and Cooling Fans • Processors produce a lot of heat • Fans help keep them cool • Clipped on • Attached by thermal compound • Heat sink • Tines draw heat from base • Sink & Fan is a cooler Pg 193

  20. Installing a Processor • Watch the video • Make sure the board supports it • Socket or slot • Frequency • Bus speeds • Features • Power Pg 197

  21. Voltage to Processor • Older chips got power from motherboard • New ones need extra power • New board automatically give chip proper power • Older boards had sockets that different versions could fit • Had to set voltage Pg 197

  22. CPU Voltage Regulator • Set jumpers to control voltage to processor • Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) would control the voltage to processor • Either on board or addres Pg 198

  23. Installing a Processor • Differences between chips based on socket/slot • With cartridge-place heatsink and then install • With new sockets, put chip on board and then cooler • Put power LAST Pg 199

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