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Scope of Microbiology

Scope of Microbiology. Chapter 1 Textbook: Foundations in Microbiology K.P. Talaro & A. Talaro. Microbiology . Definition- Greek- mikros- small; bios-life the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans.

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Scope of Microbiology

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  1. Scope of Microbiology Chapter 1 Textbook: Foundations in Microbiology K.P. Talaro & A. Talaro

  2. Microbiology • Definition- Greek- mikros- small; bios-life • the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans. • The study of organisms that are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye- requires a microscope • Includes bacteria, algae, protozoan, fungi, parasitic worms, viruses • Microorgansisms- aka microbes

  3. What is studied in Microbiology • Cell structures • Cell function • Genetics • Immunology • Biochemistry • Epidemiology • Ecology

  4. Microbes • Oldest organisms- over 4 billion years old • Greatest diversity-habitats • Classification- evolutionary relationships • DNA analysis; taxa- general categories, Genus,species. • Essential to ecosystem: • Photosynthetic, decomposers, recyclers

  5. Areas of Microbiology • Industry- beer, vitamins, drugs, enzymes • Food and Dairy Microbiology • Agriculture • Medicine- • Immunology- study of human defense system • Serology- immune reactions in blood and tissues. • Allergy- hypersensitive responses • Public Health Microbiology &Epidemiology • Control spread of disease • CDC –publishes MMWR- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and WHO • Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering • Recombinant DNA technology • Hormones, vaccines

  6. Subdivisions of Microbiology-Fields of study and employment • Bacteriology • Mycology • Protozoology • Parasitology • Virology • Microbial Morphology • Microbial Physiology • Microbial Ecology • Molecular Biology

  7. Impact on Energy and nutrient flow: • Photosynthetic micoorganisms- • Algae and cyannobacterium • 50% of photosynthetic organisms on Earth • Producers in aquatic food chains • Produce the majority of O2 in atmosphere. • Decomposers • Recycle nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, and carbon • Produce greenhous gases- environment and digestive tracts • 50% of microorganisms- under surface as extreme organisms- capable of living in high temps and utilizing extreme nutrients.

  8. Symbiotic relationships • Bacteria and fungi with plants • Obtain nutrients and water. • Digestion • Constitute normal flora Bioremediation • Microbes are used to restore and clean up toxins and pollutants in the environment. Infectious Diseases • Pathogens • Review Table 1A- Emerging Diseases • Key diseases

  9. History of Microbiology • 200 years old • Father of Bacteriology- Antoine van Leeuwenhoek- • describes organisms with the aid of a microscope • “animicules” • Louis Pasteur- • Role of microbes in beer and wine • Pasteurization- • Diseases arise from infections • Disproved spontaneous generation • Pioneered sterilization and asceptic technique with Robert Koch

  10. Robert Koch • Koch’s postulates • Series of proofs used to verify germ theory • Used Bacillus anthracis • Pinpoint causative agent of disease

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