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History of Microbiology

History of Microbiology. Medical Microbiology Mrs. Bagwell. Scientific Revolution. Robert Hooke Englishman, mechanic and tinker C reated first working microscope First to observe dead cells Developed “ C ell Theory”. Cell Theory. The parts to the cell theory are as described below :

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History of Microbiology

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  1. History of Microbiology Medical Microbiology Mrs. Bagwell

  2. Scientific Revolution Robert Hooke • Englishman, mechanic and tinker • Created first working microscope • First to observe dead cells • Developed “Cell Theory”

  3. Cell Theory The parts to the cell theory are as described below: • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. • The cell is the basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all organisms. • All cells come from pre-existing, living cells.

  4. Anton Van Leewenhoek (1673) • Dutch merchant • Develop a microscope using magnifying lens (300X) • First to see live cells- named them “animalcules” • Studied pond water, scrapings from mouth, etc.

  5. Spontaneous Generation (abiogenesis) • Life forms arose spontaneously from non-living matter. • Wildly held belief until the mid-1800’s • Challenged by Rudolf Virchow (1858) with concept of BIOGENESIS (cells an only come from other cells)

  6. Francesco Redi (1668) • Did experiments to disprove Spontaneous Generation • Ran convincing experiments

  7. Pasteur (1857) • Demonstrated that organisms are in the air • Developed germ theory of fermentaion • Hired to see why wine spoiled • Also, proved that boiling kills organisms (led to pasteurization)

  8. Golden Age Germ Theory of Disease • Microorganisms might cause disease • Led to ASEPSIS techniques • Pasteur (pasteurization) • Lister (use of carbolic acid to stop disease after surgery) • Semmelweis (handwashing before child birth to prevent puerperal fever)

  9. Koch’s Postulates (1876) • The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms. • The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture. • The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. • The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

  10. Edward Jenner (1796) • Studied smallpox • Discovered that milk maids with coxpox did not get small pox • Tried experiment on 8 year old boy • Developed first vaccine

  11. Smallpox

  12. Search for the “Magic Bullet” • First “Chemotherapy” • Synthetic drugs • Antibiotics

  13. Synthetic Drugs • Prepared from chemicals in laboratory • Paul Ehrlich (1910)- salvarsan • Sulfa drugs-sulfonamides

  14. antibiotics Alexander Fleming, Scottish (1928)

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