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The Great War

The Great War. Chapter 29. I. Road to World War. Nationalism Positive effect = unity within a country Negative effect = competition with other nations Europe’s Great Powers- France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, and Italy were rivals. Imperialism

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War Chapter 29

  2. I. Road to World War Nationalism • Positive effect = unity within a country • Negative effect = competition with other nations • Europe’s Great Powers- France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, and Italy were rivals

  3. Imperialism • The competition for over-seas colonies led to mistrust and competition and near war • Militarism- the policy of having a large, strong army that was prepared for war by being able to quickly mobilized • European Arms Race- belief that to be truly great you had to have a large military • Made citizens feel patriotic and foreigners frightened

  4. Alliances • Designed to help keep peace in Europe, but would push everyone into war • Triple Alliance(Bismarck)= Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (Goal to unify against future French aggression) • They also signed a treaty with Russia

  5. II. Kaiser Wilhelm II • Built a strong German army; forced Bismarck to resign • Allowed the treaty with Russia to lapse. • Russia aligned with France out of fear • wanted a powerful navy (better than Britain's) • Britain aligned through an agreement (entente) with France in 1907 that they would not fight each other, then signed one with Russia

  6. Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Triple Entente England France Russia Two Sets of Alliances Some of these had additional alliances with other nations that eventually bound them together…Example: Russia with Serbia

  7. The Balkans • Eastern Europe; former parts of the Ottoman Empire that had gained independence • Problem- Slavic people were spread throughout the region • Serbians sought to join all Slavic people into one nation (Russia supported) • Austria-Hungary held lots of land made of Slavs and Serbia wanted it!!! • Both vowed to fight if necessary!

  8. Serbians in Bosnia wanted the Austro-Hungarians out June 28, 1914- Heir to the throne (Archduke Franz Ferdinand) and his wife visited the capital A 19 year old, Serbian member of the Black Hand group shot & killed them The shot….

  9. Austria blamed Serbia & sent them demands to avoid war • Serbia accepted most, but Austria-Hungary still declared war • Because of their alliance, Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary

  10. Chapter 29Sections 3 & 4 A Global Conflict

  11. Review from Yesterday • Causes • Militarism • Alliance System • Nationalism • Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand • Sides • Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia • Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany

  12. How WWI Affected the World • During the middle of the war things really started to slow down (stalemate) • Those major countries (who had been fighting from the beginning) were looking for other countries to join in the fight to tip the balances. • The war spread from Europe • Gallipoli Campaign – a fight in the Dardanelles • Battles in Asia and Africa • America joins the fight

  13. America enters WWI • When – 1917 • Why – • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Definition: sinking all ships in the Atlantic w/o warning the ships. • Lusitainia and the Sussex • Zimmerman Note • Telegram being sent by the Germans to the Mexicans that was intercepted by the British • Contents: If you attack America, we will help you get territory • Results – Tips the balance of the war

  14. How WWI Affected those left at Home • Because this conflict involved so many countries and lasted so much longer than it was first thought a new mentality was used on the home-front: Total War • Total War: when a country devotes ALL of its resources to winning the war • Factories made war supplies, not consumer items • All people became employed at something • Rationing – buy and use only small amounts of the certain items • “Meatless Mondays” / “Wheatless Wednesdays”

  15. World War I Concludes • The War began to draw to a close • Why • USA joined the fight (Remember – tipped the scales) • Russia jumped out of WW I early • Russian Revolution (1917) • MASSIVE loss of life • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Communism takes control • German people were tired of fighting • Ending Date – November 1918

  16. Stats of WWI

  17. Treaty of Versailles: A Flawed Peace • A peace conference was set to take place in Versailles France (not far from Paris) • There were 4 major countries who were involved in this meeting: • Woodrow Wilson, USA • David Lloyd George, Great Britain • Georges Clemenceau, France • Vittorio Orlando, Italy

  18. Treaty of Versailles: A Flawed Peace • Major Provisions • League of Nations – peace organization, Germany excluded • Territorial Losses – Germany loses all of its overseas territories, and land gained during the war • Military Restrictions – Germany was limited in the size of army, navy, and air forces that they could maintain. • War Guilt – Germany had to assume TOTAL guilt for causing the war, and was forced to pay $33 billion in war debt over the next 30 years.* (*Hitler would refer to this when he gained power in the coming years)

  19. Propaganda: Information spread To advance a cause Or to damage an Opponent’s cause.

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