Nervous System

1. Nervous System By: Emilia Posada

2. The Main Idea • The nervous system is divided into three parts which are: the brain, spinal chord, and the nerves outside of the brain. This would be the Peripheral nervous system. • This is a complex diagram of the Peripheral nervous system:

3. The function • The nervous system controls everything that happens in our body. • The motion in our bodies is caused by the nervous system

4. How the System Works • The brain has many sections. Each controls a different area of your body or a function of your body. An example could be: how the medulla controls your heart rate and your breathing, the cerebellum controls balance and muscle movement. The cerebrum controls thinking, sensing, and movement.

5. The Neurons • All of the nervous system is made out of cells called neurons, in other words nerve cells. The message from another neuron first comes in at the dendrites, travels along the axon and the axon terminals, and then leaves the neuron to go to another neuron.

6. How the Neurons WORKS • Neurons form paths, there is a path of neurons that controls everything that happens in our body. When neurons are lined up to make a path, little spaces between neurons form called synapses. The message being carried through paths from neuron to neuron as an electrical impulse travels across the synapse as chemical messenger or neural transmitter.

7. The Spinal Cord • The spinal cord is a crucial part of the nervous system, it is part of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is a bunch of nerves that pass through the bones of the vertebrate down the back. It sends sensations to the brain from the body, and instructs various parts of the body. The spinal cord is crucial to the system since it has a primary role in reflexes.

8. The Brain • The human brain is a very elaborated system. • The brain is one of the main parts of the central nervous system. • The brain is made up of billion of neurons that allow you to think, breathe, hear, taste, see, and touch. It also tells your heart to pump. • The three main parts are shown in the next slide.

9. The Brain #2

10. Disorders of the Nervous System • The nervous system is vulnerable to various disorders. It can be damaged by these: • - trauma • - infections • - degenerations • - structural defects • - tumors • - blood flow disruption • - autoimmune disorders

11. Glossary • Peripheral: the part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system and comprises the cranial nerves excepting the optic nerve, the spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system. • Medulla: bone marrow. • Neuron: one of the cells that constitute nervous tissue , that have property of transmitting and receiving nervous impulses. • Axon: a usually long and single nerve-cell process that usually conducts impulses away from cell body. • Synapse: the place at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another • Axon Terminals: An axon terminal is the structure of a neuron (a single cell of the central or peripheral nervous system) at the end of it's axon that forms a synapse with another neuron. Generally, the axon terminal is the point at which a neuron passes information to the neurons with which it is connected. • Cerebellum: A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe • Cerebrum: An enlarged anterior or upper part of the brain ;especially : the expanded anterior portion of the brain that in higher mammals overlies the rest of the brain, consists of cerebral hemispheres and connecting structures, and is considered to be the seat of conscious mental processes : telencephalon

12. Main Parts of the Nervous System

13. Bibliography • McDougal Littell Life Science pg. 677-683 • http://humanbodycng7.wikispaces.com/4.+Nervous+System • http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourbrain/Howdoesyourbrainwork/Howdoesyournervoussystemwork.aspx • http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/spinalcord/ • http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/nervous_system/about/Pages/index.aspx • http://www.innerbody.com/ • http://sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/systems.html • https://www.google.com/search?q=brain&aq=f&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=IsJ5UZf4D4Tc9AT7xIDgCA&biw=1092&bih=459&sei=JMJ5UYCaLJSm8AStqoGgDg#imgrc=FcmIJNp6Q_gFbM%3A%3BeTi2b7GmgN3_LM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bubblews.com%252Fassets%252Fimages%252Fnews%252F460855153_1364865132.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bubblews.com%252Fnews%252F361772-total-story-technique-tst-brain-exercise%3B1200%3B960

14. Bibliography 2 • http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/peripheral+nervous+system?show=0&t=1367279664 (peripheral) • http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/neuron (neuron) • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_an_axon_terminal (axon terminals) • http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/cerebellum (cerebellum) • http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/cerebrum (cerebrum)