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Blood

Blood. Chapter 19 (H). What does blood do?. Transports substances around the body to maintain homeostasis Regulates fluid, electrolyte, acid/base balance Regulates body temp Protects body from infection. Blood Viscosity. Refers to the ease at which blood flows through vessels.

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Blood

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  1. Blood Chapter 19 (H)

  2. What does blood do? • Transports substances around the body to maintain homeostasis • Regulates fluid, electrolyte, acid/base balance • Regulates body temp • Protects body from infection

  3. Blood Viscosity • Refers to the ease at which blood flows through vessels Hematophobia= fear of blood

  4. Blood components • Blood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE • It has two basic components: • CELLS  (rbc, wbc, platelets)  = 45% • Plasma (water, • proteins, amino acids • ..etc)  = 55%

  5. Parts of Blood

  6. Hematocrit • Test that finds the percentage of blood cells from a sample • Should be about 45% cells/ 55% plasma

  7. Origin of blood cells • Hematopoiesis: • Formation of blood cells • Where produced – red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue • Why are stem cells important? The 3 main types of blood cells differentiate from them • Liver & Spleen – phagocytosis • Destroy blood cells

  8. Red Blood Cells (RBC) • Shape – disc shaped with thick rim and thinner center; can flex • Hemoglobin – large protein molecule; Heme – contains iron; O2 attaches to Heme; CO2 attaches to globin • Color of RBC – bright red is O2 rich; blue-red is CO2 rich

  9. It is a myth that deoxygenated blood appears blue.  The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right is deoxygenated blood (from a vein) Source:  Wikipedia Commons

  10. Why is iron important? • Cannot make Heme part of hemoglobin which can lead to type of anemia – menstruating women • Other materials essential to making more RBCs – • B12, folic acid, protein; if lacking any, can lead to certain types of anemia • Erythropoietin – • regulates RBC production; produced in kidneys; secreted if low O2 levels; sent to red bone marrow  secret RBC • When RBCs die – • live about 120 dy; eaten by macrophage; dismantled and recycled

  11. EPO, or erythropoietin (pronounced, ah-rith-ro-poy-tin), is a hormone produced by the liver and kidneys. In the first part of a two-night interview broadcast Thursday, disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong admitted to Oprah Winfrey that he took banned substances, including EPO, during all seven of his Tour de France victories. What is EPO? (Gizmodo Article)

  12. White Blood Cells (WBC) • General function is to protect the body against disease • Phagocytosis – • cellular eating of dead/diseased cells

  13. 5 Types of WBC

  14. Platelets • Formed from – larger megakaryocyte • Role – prevent blood loss; block openings • CBC – provides normal range of # of RBC, WBC, platelets; gives info specific to each type: RBC – hemoglobin content, hematocrit, % immature RBC; WBC - % of each type or differential count

  15. Hemostasis • The process of stopping bleeding • Involves the coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage • Hemo – blood • Stasis – stand still

  16. THREE EVENTS IN HEMOSTASIS 1.  Blood Vessel Spasm    Seratonin = vasoconstrictor 2.  Platelet plug formation 3.   Blood coagulation conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin *thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion

  17. Hemostasis Steps

  18. Forming a Blood Clot: Coagulation

  19. Anticoagulant • Prevents unnecessary clot formation • Heparin is secreted by mast cells to prevent clots • Medications heparin and coumadin/warfarin decrease amt of prothrombin • Thrombus is a blood clot • Embolus is a traveling blood clot; if lodges in lungs, can be fatal

  20. This machine removes the plasma from the blood and returns the RBC’s to the donor.

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