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Revolution & Nationalism Chapter 14 (pp.430-459)

Revolution & Nationalism Chapter 14 (pp.430-459). Widespread social unrest in Russia & China led to revolution. Nationalist movements in India, China, & Southwest Asia successfully challenged the British, Chinese & Ottoman Empires. Revolution Nationalism.

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Revolution & Nationalism Chapter 14 (pp.430-459)

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  1. Revolution & NationalismChapter 14 (pp.430-459)

  2. Widespread social unrest in Russia & China led to revolution. Nationalist movements in India, China, & Southwest Asia successfully challenged the British, Chinese & Ottoman Empires. Revolution Nationalism

  3. Why did revolution occur in Russia? • Cruel, oppressive rule by czars • Censorship on published & written documents, including private letters • Secret police watched schools; spies & informers • Political prisoners exiled to Siberia • Discrimination, oppression & violence against non-Russians (Jews, Poles) • Poor working conditions, low wages • Russia lost in a war with Japan • Discontent with involvement in the Great War

  4. The Revolutionary Movement • Worker dissatisfaction – Marxists believed the proletariat would overthrow the czar & rule the country • Lenin led the Bolsheviks • Bloody Sunday – 1905 – workers killed in a demonstration, strikes & violence followed • Millions killed, wounded, taken prisoner in WWI; soldiers mutinied, deserted, ignored orders • Wife Alexandra ran the government under the influence of Rasputin • Food & fuel shortages, inflation • March Revolution – 1917 – strikes & riots • Civil war – Bolsheviks vs the White Army

  5. Took the palace & government offices Gave land to peasants & control of factories to workers Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (truce with Germany & surrendered vast territory) Royal family murdered 14 million died State-controlled society The Bolshevik Revolution

  6. The Communist Party • Restructured the government • Revived the economy • Took control of banks, major industries, communications • Renamed the country – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Stalin rose to power

  7. Absolute Power

  8. Dynamic Leader • Unites, inspires people • Symbolizes the government • Justifies his actions

  9. Identifies beliefs Glorifies goals of the state Justifies government actions The party dominates the government Exercises absolute authority Ideology One-Party Rule

  10. Demands loyalty & obedience Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state Business Labor Housing Education Religion Arts Personal life Youth groups State Control of Individuals Society

  11. Methods of Control • Police terror • Indoctrination • Censorship • Persecution • Mass communication • Advanced military weapons

  12. Economic Control • Government made all economic decisions – called command economy • Set goals for rapid industrial growth • Chose workers & set wages • Told workers where they could live • Organized collective farms to produce food for the state

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