Chapter 19

1. Chapter 19 Drifting Toward Disunion

2. ______________ • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (abolitionist) • Wrote it “_____________” • Sparked by passing of the (1) _____________(Bloodhound Bill) was passed in the Compromise of 1850 and (2) the religious crusades of the ___________________ • Focus: _______________________________ Lincoln’s response? World-wide “Tom-mania!”

3. _______________________ • Written by ___________________ from NC • Issue: ____________________________________________________________________ • Main enemy: _________________________ • Problem: no publisher in the South • Solution: publisher in North • Result: Banned in the South (book burning parties)

4. Kansas-Nebraska Territory • Both Northern abolitionists and Southern slavocrats(_____________) turned this into a battleground due to slavery • Underlying issues: Popular Sovereignty • Story: pro-Southern "border ruffians" jumped over from _____________ to Kansas to “_______________________." The South "won" the election for Kansas to become a slave state and set up a government *_____________got mad and set up their own government in Lawrence, Kansas Leads to : _________________________

5. “The Sack of Lawrence”________________ • Caused by popular sovereignty in Kansas Territory • Abolitionist set up in Lawrence, Kansas Aggressor: Pro-slavery (Border Ruffians) groups attacked the abolitionist and won! • Burnt down printing presses and looted homes and stores and beat residents

6. ______________________________ _______________-(1800-1859) - abolitionist Sent by God “_________________________” “a man made of the stuff of saints” “_________________________” Uprising / Pulled five proslavery men from their beds at Pottawatomie Creek…cut off their hands…and stabbed them. This Massacre triggered others….therefore “Bleeding Kansas” - nickname of territory due to the level of violence and for the opportunity f popular sovereignty

7. Kansas Statehood? • Kansas ____________________and writes up the ___________________________ - Kansas has slavery and it was sent to Washington • President ____________________(1856-1860) passed it and then it went to the Senate • _______________(Congressmen) killed the _________________________because it did not apply “____________________________” • Tricky Issue: People are voting on a constitution / “___________________” slavery. • (*) Vote AGAINST slavery = slave owners already present are protected • (*) Vote FOR slavery = __________________ • *Lecompton Constitution NEVER passed and Kansas remained a territory until 1861 • Problem: Slavery issue is still not answered

8. Violence in the Senate / __________________/ Caning of Sumner (May, 1856) • Sen. ______________ (Mass. / northerner abolitionist) writes a speech entitled “______________________” (attacks slavery issues, fugitive slave laws and the Kansas-Nebraska Act) – later to become the “rallying or battle cry against slavery” • Congressman__________________ (South Carolina Congressman / southerner) attacks Sumner in the Senate Chamber • Brooks caned Sumner in the head until it broke (brain damage) / Southerners presented Brooks with an other cane with the inscription “Hit Him Again!!!!!

9. ____________________ • James Buchanan (winner) (Democrat) • James C. Fremont (Republican) • Millard Fillmore (________________ / Know -Nothing Party) Know-Nothing Party (NATIVISTS) Main enemy: _______________ Where is Franklin Pierce?

10. ____________ (1856) Slave owner took Dred Scott (slave) from Missouri & lived in a FREE territory (Illinois) for 4 years - later, returned to Missouri, owner died…Dred Scott begins a lawsuit for the grant of freedom for him and his wife • Missouri Supreme Court ruled against • Dred Scott appeals and Supreme Court “upheld” the Missouri Decision • ________________ __________________________ 3 OUTCOMES OF THE DRED SCOTT DECISION 1.Dred Scott (and all slaves) _____________ and therefore not entitled to sue and slaves are considered “______________” 2. Congress _____________________ (________________– protection of property) 3. _____________________had been unconstitutional all along (because it’d banned slavery north of the 36° 30’ line and property is protected under the 5th Amendment ___________benefited the most in this decision South had control of the (1) _________ (2) ________ (3) ___________ North had control of (1) __________ but now they cannot outlaw slavery!

11. __________________ • Democrats: _____________________ • Republicans: ____________________ Lincoln –Douglas Debates of ’58 Lincoln challenges Douglas to _______________ to a captivated nation Underdog: ________ FAMOUS SPEECH: “_________________________ ” delivered by Lincoln – “a house divided against itself cannot stand….. Most Noted Debate: _____________________ Lincoln asks Douglas to choose _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (lose-lose) Douglas’ response: _____________________ : People have the power OUTCOME: Douglas wins the 1858 Senate seat for Illinois, but lost the _______________________________________________________ Bottom line: Lincoln knew exactly what he was doing!

12. John Brown: Murderer or Martyr? ______________________________ John Brown re-emerged in _____________with a wild plan to abolish slavery. His plan: to take over the ____________ in Harper's Ferry, pass out weapons to local slaves, initiate a huge revolt, and thus free the slaves. OUTCOME: he and his men took over a building but were quickly captured by the U.S. Marines led by __________________. He was quickly captured, tried, convicted, sentenced to death, and hanged. JOHN BROWN’S DEATH: Southern View: Justice has been served and the death was deserving Northern View: John Brown was a ____________ and will be seen as a cult hero This “Martyr” image gave strength to the morality, or lack there of, to slavery

13. Lincoln’s view on slavery / 1860 Presidential Race • Lincoln didn’t want to stop or preserve slavery…whatever it took to “____________________” • MAIN RESULT OF THE 1860 PRESIDENTIAL VICTORY FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN: • ___________________ form the Union if Lincoln was elected • Defense / claim: _____________________ • South Carolina seceded the Union in __________________ ! • “Deep South” states followed after South Carolina (Ex. Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas) and then others Buchanan did not do a single thing to keep the Union intact

14. _____________________________(Buchanan was STILL President) *Did little or nothing to stop the states from leaving the U.S. Rationale: • Northern ___________________________________________ • Couldn’t use the __________ (______________________) (3) Possibility of “_____________________” (4) _____________________ (Waiting it out)

15. ____________________/ C.S.A. • Formed in February 1861 • Location: Met in ______________and formed the Confederacy • President of the Confederacy (South) was ______________________ “the time for compromise is over” Southern rationale / hopes: - become “____________- ” sound - it worked in the American Revolution - gain their ______________ - thought the North wouldn’t react (wrong)

16. Confederate States of America Constitution

17. Bringing back the Missouri Compromise? • One last hopeful Compromise?: A final attempt at compromise was made by James Henry Crittendon of Kentucky. ________________ proposed to extend the old Missouri Compromise line of 36°30’ to the West coast; north of the line would be free, south of it would be slave. Lincoln’s Response: __________________ Justification: More problematic than helpful REACTIONS: Northern : ________________________ Southern : ________________________ Taney : ___________________________ Lincoln : __________________________ Stephen Douglas : __________________