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APPLICATION OF BETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) IN SMALL HOLDER SHRIMP FARMS 2002-2006

APPLICATION OF BETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) IN SMALL HOLDER SHRIMP FARMS 2002-2006. Arief Taslihan, Richard B. Callinan, Derek Foster, Supito, Erick Sutikno, Lideman, and Saldyansah. BACKGROUND: How important is BMP to be implement?.

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APPLICATION OF BETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) IN SMALL HOLDER SHRIMP FARMS 2002-2006

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  1. APPLICATION OFBETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) IN SMALL HOLDER SHRIMP FARMS 2002-2006 Arief Taslihan, Richard B. Callinan, Derek Foster,Supito, Erick Sutikno, Lideman, and Saldyansah

  2. BACKGROUND:How important is BMP to be implement?

  3. WSD outbreaks have hammered Indonesian farmers during the past decade

  4. Because of WSD, most farmers must emergency harvest their shrimp in the first 2 months post stocking

  5. and leave many thousands of hectares of ponds (extensive, semi-intensive and intensive) idle and unmanaged

  6. Typical smallholder farmer practices

  7. Pond preparation • Ponds are not well dried • Organic matter from previous crops accumulated in pond bottom as rich organic muddy soils • Removing blackish mud soil just put inside of the dike

  8. Water pumping system without prior treatment

  9. Selection and stocking of fry • Ponds are stocked with low quality PLs which have not been PCR tested • PL source hatchery is unknown (un-traceability) • Excessive stocking density

  10. Typical problems during grow out • Overpopulation of benthic macro algae • Depletion of oxygen during early morning • Resulting mass mortality, presumably due to oxygen drop, characterized by swollen opercula • Developing WSD outbreak • When shrimp survive until the 3rd month, they frequently develop black gill disease (fouling) followed by low level mortality Benthic macro algae Uneven growth WSD ‘Pinky disease’

  11. In response, we developed a BMP program which we then: • validated using ‘key farmers’ • extended farmer-to-farmer within farmer groups

  12. Objectives of the BMP program • To reduce the risk of white spot disease in semi- intensive shrimp ponds • To improve farmers’ shrimp production • To alleviate poverty among coastal communities

  13. BMP program was built around basic WSSV biosecurity for shrimp ponds • Stock PCR test negative PLs • Keep the virus out of the pond by setting a fencing around the pond to prevent introduction of virus carrier

  14. 5 basic BMPs introduced in validation trials with key farmers • Proper pond soil preparation • Water treatment : elimination of WSSV carriers • Providing good quality seed, including two step PCR test negative for WSDV (OIE standard procedure) • Proper water quality management: providing paddle wheels as oxygen stabilizer • Better feed management

  15. Jepara validations of BMP (July 2002- August 2003) Percent successful: 67%

  16. Implementation of BMP at farmers level

  17. Location I: Sidoarjo

  18. Total East Java implementation 2003-2006 Soil quality support successful crop White: semi-intensive; yellow: traditional

  19. Program dissemination at Sidoarjo

  20. Location II: South Sulawesi trials2003-2005

  21. Result of South Sulawesi trials Percent successful: 12%

  22. Acid soil ponds, Maros case study Premature harvest at day 95, without WSSV accident due to low water quality

  23. Location III: Praya, West Nusatenggara (July – September 2006)

  24. Implementation: July 2005 – September 2006

  25. Performance of trial pond at Peras, Central Lombok District, West Nusatenggara

  26. Performance of dissemination program 2002-2006

  27. Workshop on BMP implementation 6-8 March 2006 in Surabaya • At the end of the project implementation, a three days workshop was conducted at Surabaya • BMP based experience in shrimp ponds was presented during the workshop • Workshop was participated 82 participants consisted of DGA staff, provincial and district fisheries agencies, farmers and stake holders

  28. Continuing farmers participation on BMP implementation of post project • Area for BMP implementation has developed to > 30 Ha in Gresik • Strong participation of key farmers take important role in BMP implementation in the area

  29. Expand farmer’s participation to implement BMP in Gresik district

  30. Emerging lessons • Key farmer character influenced program success • Local farm environmental conditions and biosecurity issues must be considered for program to succeed

  31. Conclusions Implementation of BMP program is likely to be successful only where the following conditions are satisfied: • Local environment is suitable for extensive and semi-intensive shrimp culture and allows farm bio-security • Hatcheries and reliable PCR test facilities are available locally • Farmers are enthusiastic about participating and are organized into groups; key farmer choice is critical • District/provincial government (Dinas Perikanan) must support program • Extension support from private sector is also important

  32. Extension material Books and VCDs have distributed to farmers around Java, Aceh, Riau, South Sulawesi, West Nusatenggara and East Kalimantan provinces

  33. Thank you

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