cold case investigations and the use of dna

3. Discussion DNA Technology and the History of CODIS CODIS Profile Categories CODIS Entry Guidelines for Cold Cases CODIS Searches CODIS Hit Information

4. DNA Technology at BCI & I

5. DNA Technology and Backlogs NIJ grant funding for laboratories and law enforcement Outsourcing to private DNA labs Equipment Training on new technologies in DNA Additional laboratory staff Quickened laboratory procedures Combined amplification kits with increased sensitivity Multi-capillary injection genetic analyzers Liquid handler robots

6. Lab Submissions BCI Policy Effective October 1, 2008 -Limits # items admitted on first lab submission -Limits �Touch DNA� processing to violent, last resort cases Communication with the Lab

7. Laboratory Techniques at BCI Forensic Biology (detects biological fluids) DNA Analysis Organic Extraction (blood, saliva, skin cells, standards, etc) Differential Extraction (semen stains) CODIS Participation

8. Lab Work Flow

9. CODIS Entry ConsiderationsFor the Investigator Is the item relevant to the Crime? Is it likely that the profile is from the SUSPECT in the crime? Was the profile generated at an Accredited Laboratory? Was the profile reviewed by a CODIS Participating Laboratory?

10. Forensic Specimen Entry Requirements Case Fact Evaluation There must be a crime committed. The evidence must be directly linked to the crime. The evidence profile must be from the perpetrator. No victim or elimination profiles are entered in CODIS

11. EXAMPLE 1 Case Type: Homicide Details: -Male victim stabbed inside house -T-shirt found in trash can (with 2-3 possible blood stains) Lab Finding: Blood on shirt was not from victim Wearer of shirt was not the victim

12. Example 2 Case Type: Homicide Details: Female victim raped and murdered, found in cemetery Evidence re-examined, swabbed test tube CODIS Hit to NC Offender

13. EXAMPLE 3 Case Type: Homicide Details: Victim=US Postmaster Body found weeks later, miles away from post office in a farmer�s field Butts found on grounds of the post office and inside the post office in the ashtray Lab Findings: Multiple unknown males identified on butts� none of which were the suspect

14. Example 4 Case Type(s): B & E and Sexual Assault Details: Case A: B& E, handgun stolen, pantyhose left behind ~ several months later, in a neighboring county~ Case B: Woman abducted at gunpoint and sexually assaulted at abandoned hotel. Victim escaped, nude, and was taken to hospital. Lab Findings: Semen from Case B victim�s SAEC Kit matched the DNA from Case A pantyhose. Further investigation linked the handgun used in Case B as the same gun stolen from the victim in Case A.

15. Database Entry and Searches CODIS = COmbined DNA Index System Combines: DNA technology Computer technology Communications between law enforcement agencies Hierarchy of databases: Local DNA Index System (LDIS) State DNA Index System (SDIS) National DNA Index System (NDIS)

16. 10 Local Labs in Ohio (LDIS- Local DNA Index System) Enter DNA profile data* at their lab Forensic (Crime Scene Profiles) Suspect (DNA Standards) Unidentified Human Remains (Bones, etc.) Missing Person Can search local database Upload their data to BCI London (SDIS) weekly

18. 10 Ohio Local CODIS Labs

19. Forensic Hit Two or more forensic profiles that match each other in CODIS All cases may be unsolved One or more of the cases may have a suspect linked Follow-Up Recommendations: All involved investigating officers share/compare information

20. State Labs (SDIS- State DNA Index System) Searches all state DNA profiles Forensic vs. Convicted Offenders Forensic vs. Forensic Repository for all Ohio Convicted Offender Samples and profiles Uploads data to FBI (NDIS)

21. SDIS Hit Examples Forensic Hit across the state Largest to date: 16 cases linked over 9 different Law Enforcement Agencies

22. Convicted Offender Collections Legislation for Collection of Samples 1996: Persons convicted/adjudicated of violent crimes 2005: Persons convicted/adjudicated of a felony* Thumbprint Collection Accessioning DNA Analysis Data Review & Upload into SDIS *Several misdemeanor sex crimes are also qualifying offenses

23. Buccal Collections

24. Convicted Offender Sample Entries

25. SDIS Offender Hit A forensic profile matches to a DNA profile from a convicted offender during a CODIS search.

26. Convicted Offender Verification Qualifying Conviction Verified through CCH records Thumbprint comparison to ten print cards on file Offender number labels correct DNA reanalysis performed at BCI London Hit Letter sent to investigating officer Suspect Standard submitted for comparisons

27. Why is a Second Sample Needed? Ensure Identity of the newly found suspect Verification of the original offender collection

28. National Lab (NDIS- National DNA Index System) Searches data from 50 states, FBI, US Army, Puerto Rico FBI Lab is repository for all Federal Convicted Offender Samples

29. Convicted Offender Index Sample Verification Process

30. NDIS Offender Hit A forensic profile matches to a DNA profile from another state�s convicted offender during a national CODIS search.

31. NDIS Hit Example In 2005, two homicide cases were linked in CODIS (neighboring counties) Dec. 17, 2007, a Indiana Convicted Offender matched to both cases during NDIS search. Offender sample drawn after a DUI conviction Follow- Up: September 2008, Convicted of 3 counts of Murder in two counties, currently serving 30 yrs to life

32. 5,000+ Offender HitsWhat offense were they collected for?

33. CHASE (CODIS Hit Arrest Support Exchange) Sexual Assaults, Homicides, Serial Burglaries CODIS Laboratory-Criminal Intelligence Unit Interaction dFACTS, OHLEG, CCH, Lexis-Nexis, BMV(RS, DS) etc. BCI Special Agents will offer services to LEA in an attempt to locate suspect(s) for hit verification. Contact BCI & I Investigations (740)845-2000

34. Questions? Abby Schwaderer CODIS Forensic Scientist Ohio BCI & I London Laboratory (740)845-2459 abby.schwaderer@ohioattorneygeneral.gov