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Crash Course in Biochemistry

daniel_millan
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Crash Course in Biochemistry

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    1. Crash Course in Biochemistry …4 years in 40 min!

    2. Proteins – What are they?

    3. Structural Examples Keratin Makes up hair and nails Disulfide bond hold coil- coil together Perm: Break disulfides and reform them

    4. Structural Examples Cell Adhesion: Helps cells stick to other cells. Immunological cells find their target Cytoskeleton: Protein scaffold to which cellular components hitch a ride on

    5. Enzymatic Examples Enzymes run chemical reactions Substrate ? Product Usually 1 unique protein for EVERY unique reaction

    6. Enzymatic Examples Glycolysis: Get energy from breaking down sugar Universal The Process: See: http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/molecules/pdb50_1.html

    8. So Many Reactions!

    9. Enzymatic Examples Notice: Specific protein at every step This just a tiny fraction of what we know Like a circuit: Where our knowledge of CS is useful Drugs: are ways to ‘hack’ the circuit by changing protein behavior Caffeine Statins and Cholesterol

    10. Caffeine Example Epinepherine stimulates production of cAMP cAMP increases rate of many rXn’s, including glycolysis (PFK) Phosphodiesterase eliminates cAMP Caffeine is a phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

    11. Enzymatic + structural example Muscles: Use ATP to move

    12. Carrier Example Hemoglobin: Carries Oxygen

    13. Transport Example Sodium-potassium pump Net Effect: push positive charge outside Electrical field made used for nerve conduction

    14. What are proteins? Like magnetic beads on a string 20 different beads possible (amino acids)

    15. 20 Possible Amino Acids Common to all life

    16. What are proteins? Regular protein 100-400 AA’s

    17. Protein Structure Folding results in only 1 conformation (structure or fold) Sequence determines structure Structure determines function Structure VERY important Gives insights to how protein works Cant drive with square wheels Heat denatures proteins Digestive Zymogens Sequence ? structure computationally impossible

    18. Structure and Active site Part of protein where reaction occurs

    19. Protein-Protein Docking Some proteins bind (stick) to each other in a highly specific way See hemoglobin The final complex is functional Individual pieces are not Toxic truncated peptides RNA polymerase

    20. How are Proteins Made? DNA is set of instructions (Opcode) Bases like sidechains A-T G-C Like many programs concatenated together

    21. Genes… 1 gene makes 1 protein Genes separated by control regions Tells where genes start and stop This still not well understood

    22. Genes read by RNA polymerase Regulatory regions attract TF’s, which attracts RNA poly. RNA (single strand) is a copy of a gene

    23. Ribosome: RNA? Protein

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