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Mental Maps

Mental Maps. People and perceptions of the world. Making Sense of the World. Images of geographic space Based on: information and impressions “New Yorkers View of the World”. Mental Maps. Our perception of places are more important than reality .

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Mental Maps

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  1. Mental Maps People and perceptions of the world

  2. Making Sense of the World • Images of geographic space • Based on: information and impressions • “New Yorkers View of the World”

  3. Mental Maps • Our perception of places are more important than reality. • our personal identity, provides a sense of place. • Where do mental maps come from? • Experience, hearsay, media, books, friends/family, institutions (church/school)

  4. Mental Maps • Factors influencing perception • Distance • Distance decay: decrease knowledge with increasing distance • Who we are • Age, gender, race, ethnicity, wealth, experience • Groups • Religion, culture, nationality • Us vs. Them • Why is this important? Who cares about your mental maps?

  5. Preference Maps • Justify each of your 5 best and worst states • What receives best results (states)? Why? • What receives worst results (states)? Why?

  6. Mapping – World View

  7. Mapping • Spatial representations of aspects of Earth • Cartography – art and science of mapmaking • Full of information • Ripe for interpretation

  8. Mapping • Critical decisions • Projection – transferring a spherical surface to a flat map • Impossible to escape error • All maps lie flat, all flat maps lie

  9. Mapping • Projection is selected to: • Minimize distortion • Area, shape, distance, or direction 2. Simplification • Omission, exaggeration, distortion 3. Aggregation – think spatial association

  10. Mapping 4. Map Type • General reference map – political vs. physical • Topographic – contour lines of elevation

  11. Mapping • Thematic Maps – highlight a particular feature or variable • Choropleth – shades of colors depict intensity of some variable

  12. Mapping • Thematic Maps • Proportional Symbol – size of symbol depicts intensity or size

  13. Mapping • Thematic Maps • Dot – number of dots depict density

  14. Mapping • Thematic Maps • Isoline – connect points of equal value (not just topographic)

  15. Mapping • Thematic Maps • Cartogram – space is distorted to show size of some variable http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/2008/ http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/cartograms/

  16. Mapping 5. Scale –relationship between the map distance and actual earth distance • Large scale – small area (more detail) • Small scale – large area (less detail) • Scale is shown as: • Representative fraction • 1/24,000 or 1:24,000 • Verbal • 1 inch = 400 miles • Graphic • Scale bar

  17. Spatial Association at Various Scales Fig. 1-13: Death rates from cancer in the US, Maryland, and Baltimore show different patterns that can identify associations with different factors.

  18. Cancer Death Rates in the U.S.

  19. Cancer Death Rates in Maryland

  20. Cancer Death Rates in Baltimore

  21. Fires in Southern CaliforniaSource: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=11799 Intro to Maps and GIS • Maps • Remote Sensing • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

  22. Latest World Earthquakes Map • National Atlas of the United States

  23. The Future????? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKh1Rv0PlOQ

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