Affixation

1. Affixation

2. Grammar 在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，就可以构成一个新词。 根据词缀的位置，分为前缀和后缀两种。

3. 前缀： 1. 表示否定意义 “无，不”的前缀： un- in- dis- im- il(l)- unfair, unhappy inactive, inhuman, indirect disagree, disappear impolite, impossible illegal

4. 前缀： 2. 表示程度、大小的前缀： super- over- mini- under- superstar, supermarket, superman, superpower overhead, overeat, overuse minibus, miniskirt, minicar underground, underdevelop

5. 前缀： 3. 表示 “再”的前缀： re- rewrite, reuse, recycle 4. 表示 “向，背”的前缀： pro- anti- pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-war(反战), anti-pollution

6. 5. 表示 “整个、完全”意思的前缀： al-表示“完整，完全” ：alone, almost, over-表示“完全，全” ：overall, overflow(充满) 前缀：

7. 后缀： 常见的后缀： • –able表示“可能，易于，适合于”， • 构成形容词，如：renewable, eatable(可吃的)，lovable(可爱的)， comfortable, movable(可移动的)

8. 后缀： 2. –ful 表示“充满...的，具有...性质 的”，构成形容词，如：helpful, hopeful, powerful ,useful, careful, beautiful 3. –less 与-ful 相反，表示“少的，不足 的”，构成形容词，如：helpless, hopeless, powerless, useless, careless

9. 让我们来看一些不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性的后缀。让我们来看一些不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性的后缀。 1.动词变名词： -ation -ment -al -ee -er -or satisfaction, education, realization development, movement arrival, refusal，approval trainee, employee, interviewee teacher, worker visitor, sailor, actor

10. 2.形容词变名词： -ness -ity -ism happiness, meanness, carelessness ability, possibility optimism, criticism, pessimism 3. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify -ize -en beautify, simplify realize quicken, widen, sharpen

11. 4.名词变形容词： -y -ish -some -ous -ful windy, rainy, sandy foolish, feverish handsome, troublesome dangerous, humorous helpful, careful, peaceful

12. 1. Make new words. Join the words in Box A with the parts of words in Box B. full of care _______________ A care collect done hope possible usual used wanted waste B -able -ful im- -less re- un- careful

13. collectable undone 1 can be collected__________ 2 not done__________ 3 full of hope____________ 4 without any hope_______ 5 not possible_________ 6 not usual___________ 7 not used____________ 8 used again___________ 9 not wanted____________ 10 making a lot of waste________ hopeful hopeless impossible unusual unused reused unwanted wasteful

14. 2. Match the underlined words with their meanings. c 1 Polluted water is not healthy. 2 It’s something we can use again. 3 The water in the river was very dirty. 4 It’s not true that we don’t listen to students. 5 It was not possible to clean up the whole river. 6 The people on the mountain top were not comfortable. areusable b uncomfortable c unhealthy d unclean e impossible f untrue a d f e b

15. 3. Complete the table. electricity electric (al) energy energetic environmentally environmental hope hope hopeless nationally nation polluted pollution serious seriously unusual waste wasteful wastefully worried worry worriedly

16. 4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. energetically 1 They are working very______________ to reduce waste. 2 The situation is_________. We can’t do anything to make it better. 3 The factory________ the river, and the fish died. 4 We don’t often walk in the country. It’s a(n)_________ activity for us. 5 Don’t______. Everything will be all right. 6 Don’t use so much water. It’s very_______. hopeless polluted unusual worry wasteful

17. Goodbye!