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The birth in a museum or the birth of a museum: the obstetric collection in Padua

The birth in a museum or the birth of a museum: the obstetric collection in Padua Department of Gynaecological Sciences University of Padua http://www.ginecologia.unipd.it Marina Cimino

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The birth in a museum or the birth of a museum: the obstetric collection in Padua

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  1. The birth in a museum or the birth of a museum: the obstetric collection in Padua Department of Gynaecological Sciences University of Padua http://www.ginecologia.unipd.it Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  2. The obstetric collection in Padua “The whole art of Medicine lies in the observation” Sir William Osler Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  3. The obstetric collection in Padua In Medicine, the image has always been a teaching aid and a fundamental accomplishment to the theoretical studies. The books and the atlases, with engravings and drawings work of famous artists, were in Latin, the international and official language of the Medicine, known by physicians but not by midwives and by a new figure that, from 1600, appeared on the birth’s scene: the surgeon-obstetrician, the “accoucheur” in France. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  4. The obstetric collection in Padua William Smellie – Tabulae Anatomicae, 1758 William Hunter – Anatomia uteri humani gravidi Tabulis illustrata, 1774 Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  5. The obstetric collection in Padua In the 18th century, in Europe, because of the high mortality among mothers and infants and the illicite exercise of the profession, the rulers began to take an interest in this educational problem and created schools for these women and men. The books of Medicine were too difficult and so many academic teachers ordered to ceroplastic artists the “Supelex obstetricia”, anatomical models in wax or clay, to teach them the anatomy and the physiology of the human body. The three-dimensional perspective of the models replaces the two-dimensional perspective of the drawings and gives a much more real view and handling. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  6. The obstetric collection in Padua The Department of Gynaecological Sciences takes in a collection of 40 female anatomical models, in polychrome wax and 22 female pelvis, in coloured clay, acquired for didactic useby Prof. Luigi Calza (1736-1783), obstetrician at the University of Padova from 1765. The authors were: Giovan Battista Manfredini and Giovan Battista Sandri, ceroplastics from Bologna. The collection is online:: http://www.ginecologia.unipd.it Anatomical wax model: term pregnancy, fetus in cephalic presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  7. The obstetric collection in Padua Giovan Battista Manfredini (Bologna 1742-1789) He was born in Bologna and was an artist skilled in anatomical works, especially obstetric works. He studied with the ceroplastic artists Giovanni Manzolini and Anna Morandi, in Bologna. Manfredini had a predilection for the wax, but he created some models in clay, too. In 1785 he was member of the Accademia Clementina, like an anatomical sculptor. He collaborated with the greater anatomists of his period, like Carlo Mondini and Antonio Scarpa, and with his ceroplastic collegue Alessandro Barbieri. Manfredini was the author of 60 anatomical waxes ordered by Luigi Calza for his obstetric teaching, in Padua. Then, the artist was in Modena where, between 1773 and 1776, he sculptured 52 obstetric models ordered by Francesco Febbrari, with the collaboration of the great anatomist Antonio Scarpa. In Rome, Manfredini was the author of 36 anatomical models in wax, ordered by Cardinal De Zelada, as a teaching aid for the Anatomical Museum. In 1783 he was in Bologna, where created some anatomical models in wax about the visceral system, vessels and nerves.The work was completed by Alessandro Barbieri. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  8. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical wax model: term pregnancy, fetus in cephalic presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  9. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical wax model: term pregnancy, fetus in cephalic presentation with amniotic membranes. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  10. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical wax model: uterus, second trimester of pregnancy. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  11. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical wax model: term pregnancy, fetus in cephalic presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  12. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical wax model: manual removal of the placenta. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  13. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical wax model: uterus, first trimester of pregnancy. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  14. The obstetric collection in Padua Pietro o Giovanni Battista Sandri (Bologna ?) The identity of the second artist who collaborated to the creation of the anatomical collection in Padua is uncertain. Pietro Selvatico, in his book: “Guida di Padova e dei suoi principali contorni”, 1869, is the first to mention him with the name Pietro. Alfonso Corradi in his:”Dell’Ostetricia in Italia”, 1874, cites in a note G.B. Sandri, author of the clays of the Obstetric Museum in Bologna. Marco Bortolotti and Claudia Pancino in:”Ars Obstetricia Bononiensis”, 1988, cite a clay moulder called Giovanni Battista Sandri, who collaborated with the couple Manzolini for the “Supelex Obstetricia” in Bologna. The source of this information is Michele Medici in: “Elogio dei coniugi Manzolini”, 1858. Now, the name Pietro Sandri is improbable, because he was born in 1789 and the collection in Padua is dated 1765. Giovanni Battista Sandri could be more credible, because he worked in Bologna, in a previous period to the Padua collection. Moreover, Vincenzo Malacarne in:”Oggetti interessanti d’Ostetricia nel Museo Ostetrico della Reale Università di Padova”, 1807, reports the number of waxes and clays complete, like in 1765, without any addition. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  15. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical clay model: term pregnancy, fetus in breech presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  16. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical clay model: term pregnancy, fetus with incomplete breech presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  17. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical clay model: term pregnancy, fetus in face presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  18. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical clay model: term pregnancy, fetus in cephalic presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  19. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical clay model: term pregnancy, fetus with extremity prolapse. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  20. The obstetric collection in Padua In 1819, Rodolfo Lamprecht founded the modern Obstetrics and Gynaecological Clinic, with the rich library, and completed the collection with many obstetric instruments like forceps, pelvimetry and other tools of 18th-19th century. These seem “instruments of torture” to our modern eyes, but in the past they were used to save the life of the mother during difficult labours. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  21. The obstetric collection in Padua Obstetric instruments: XIXth century, first half. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  22. The obstetric collection in Padua Obstetric instruments: XIXth century, first half. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  23. The obstetric collection in Padua This happened in the past… And now? Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  24. The obstetric collection in Padua These anatomical models are made with new and precious materials, obtained thanks to innovative procedures and hand-painted, with ecological colours. They reproduce the softness and the elasticity of the human skin. These models are used for obstetric practical lessons of the midwives, in the current academic year. Anatomical skinlike model: the female urogenital tract. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  25. La collezione ostetrica di Padova The obstetric collection in Padua Marina Cimino Modena 17 Dicembre 2010 Anatomical skinlike model: uterine cavity with mobile fetus, placenta and umbilical cord. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  26. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical skinlike model: term pregnancy and fetus in cephalic presentation. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  27. The obstetric collection in Padua Anatomical skinlike model: term pregnancy, uterus and fetus. Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  28. The obstetric collection in Padua Phaidra, an acronym for Permanent Hosting, Archiving and Indexing of Digital Resources and Assets, is a comprehensive university digital asset management system with long-term archiving functions. Phaidra offers the possibility to archive valuable data university-wide with permanent security and systematic input, offering multilingual access using metadata (data about data), thus providing worldwide availability. As a constant data pool for administration, research and teaching, resources can be used flexibly, where continual indexing allows exact location and retrieval of the digital objects. The active use of Phaidra – managing, saving and linking of objects (texts, images, audio files, links and so on) – is available now only to the University Library System of Padua. Searching and browsing of the contents is possible worldwide, without logging in, to: https://phaidra.cab.unipd.it/ Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  29. The obstetric collection in Padua Phaidra Working Group Librarians • Lorisa Andreoli (Project Management) • Marina Cimino (Customers Management) • Alberta Coi • Anna Mioni • Anna Muffato • Donata Pieri • Michele Visentin Technical support • Yuri Carrer (Technical Director) • Giorgio Osti • Lucio Ton Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  30. The obstetric collection in Padua ImMed – Images in Medicine, is a digitization project of the Medicine Faculty. The project was born in 2006 and now collects about 800 images from ancient and precious books and atlases from the Medicine libraries, dated from 1794 to 1844. The images are supported by bibliographic, technical and administrative metadata. http://polomedicina.cab.unipd.it/ Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

  31. The obstetric collection in Padua Portale

  32. The obstetric collection in Padua Indice

  33. The obstetric collection in Padua “The human body is always the same, what changes is only the way you look at it” Thanks for your attention Marina Cimino Modena 17th December 2010

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