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A COMBINED EFFORT TO A REGIONAL DISASTER

ASIAN TSUNAMI. A COMBINED EFFORT TO A REGIONAL DISASTER. Brief ROE. Non-Attribution No topic is off limits Purpose is to prompt discussion, answer questions and provide lessons learned. Agenda. Operations Overview Thailand Sri Lanka Indonesia Issues Wrap Up - Key Take Aways.

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A COMBINED EFFORT TO A REGIONAL DISASTER

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  1. ASIAN TSUNAMI A COMBINED EFFORT TO A REGIONAL DISASTER

  2. Brief ROE • Non-Attribution • No topic is off limits • Purpose is to prompt discussion, answer questions and provide lessons learned

  3. Agenda • Operations Overview • Thailand • Sri Lanka • Indonesia • Issues • Wrap Up - Key Take Aways

  4. Operations Overview An earthquake measured at 9.0 resulted in a devastating Tsunami in the Indian Ocean Basin • 11 countries affected • Over 295,000 dead and tens of thousands missing • Preliminary costs in excess of $11.5 billion

  5. Operations Overview: Mission • CSF-536, in support of USAID/OFDA, provides humanitarian assistance/ disaster relief support to the governments of Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia and other affected nations in order to minimize loss of life and mitigate human suffering. • On order, transition US Military HA/DR activities to designated agencies and/or Host Nations, in order to facilitate continuity of relief and redeployment.

  6. Operations Overview: Force Laydown III MEF HQ’s OKINAWA, JAPAN AOR CSF HQ Utapao CSG-TH AFFOR/JFACC HAWAII Phuket Banda Aceh CSG-SL Meulaboh Epicenter NAVFOR CSG-I Areas Affected by Tsunami

  7. Operations Overview: Timeline • December 2004 • 26th - Earthquake and resulting Tsunami • 28th - Joint Task Force 536 established • 29-30th • Initial relief supplies delivered • JTF Assessment Teams arrive in Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia • JTF (Forward) arrives in Thailand • January 2005 • 1st - USS Abraham Lincoln Strike Group begins flying relief missions • 3rd - JTF 536 re-designated Combined Support Force (CSF) 536 • 22nd- CSF 536 operations in Thailand complete • 29th - CSF 536 operations in Sri Lanka complete • February 2005 • 4th - USS Abraham Lincoln Strike Group departs • 10th- CSF 536 operations in Indonesia complete • 12th - CSF 536 disestablished; JTF 536 re-established • 23rd – JTF 536 disestablished CONCURRENT: • PLANNING • ASSESSING • DEPLOYMENT • EXECUTION • TRANSITION • REDEPLOYMENT

  8. Operations Overview • U.S. Military only one of many actors - all required coordination, de-confliction and synchronization • Combined Support Force vice Joint Task Force • Combined Coordination Center (CCC) • 33 foreign militaries; 11 represented at CSF CCC • UN agencies: WFP, OCHA, WHO, UNJLC • U.S. Country Teams • USAID/OFDA

  9. Operations Overview • The U.S. military filled a very specific role: • Rapid initial response by forward-based and forward-deployed units • Command and Control • Relief of immediate suffering • Support to host nation and USAID • Allowed national and international civil relief efforts time to organize their long-term response

  10. Operations Overview • Regional response, but each affected nation posed unique challenges: • Humanitarian requirements • Political considerations • Force protection • Transition criteria Remains recovery and identification in Thailand Delivery of food, water and medical support in Indonesia Engineering support in Sri Lanka Tailored Combined Support Groups for each nation

  11. Operations Overview: Thailand Primary Requirement: Remains Recovery and Identification 5,395 Dead* 3,062 Missing* *As of 18 Feb 2005

  12. Operations Overview: Thailand CSG-Thailand Activities: • Engineering / Recovery / Medical • Search and recovery of bodies along coastal waterways • Support of forensics effort (JPAC) • Technical engineer assessments (FEST) • Transportation/Distribution • 2375 gallons of water • 10,000 lbs of food • 1,118,115 lb of supplies “The Combined Support Group Thailand (CSG-THAI), has performed superbly in cooperation with the Royal Thai Government in providing assistance and disaster relief.” U.S. Ambassador Boyce

  13. Operations Overview: Sri Lanka Primary Requirement: Engineering support for debris clearing 30,974 Dead* 4,698 Missing* 553,287 IDPs** **Internally Displaced Person *As of 18 Feb 2005

  14. Operations Overview: Sri Lanka CSG-Sri Lanka Activities: • Engineering: • Cleared roads and villages of debris • 32 unsafe/damaged building demolished • Medical: • Medical care in Jaffna area; over 2000 patients treated • Repair and maintenance to Jaffna Hospital • Over 7,000 pounds of donated medical consumables • 14 IDP Camps supported

  15. Operations Overview: Sri Lanka CSG-Sri Lanka Activities: • Supply/Water Distribution: • More than 600K pounds of relief supplies • 121,000 gallons of water produced and distributed in Galle area • 103,132 gallons of water produced and distributed in the Maldives • Wells pumped and rendered safe for drinking • Assessments of local village water supplies “Many shattered lives in Sri Lanka and Maldives have been given a ray of hope and a first foothold on the path to a new life thanks to the dedicated men and women of the CSG.” U.S. Ambassador Lunstead

  16. Operations Overview: Indonesia Primary Requirement: Internal distribution of relief supplies 120,514 Dead* 114,897 Missing* 672,438 IDPs* *As of 18 Feb 2005

  17. Operations Overview: Indonesia “You all worked with members of the Indonesian government to save lives and give hope to desperate people.” U.S. Ambassador Pascoe Transportation / Distribution: • 9,677,672 lb of relief supplies • 130 MEDEVAC’s • Transported other donor nation capabilities (French and German Field Hospitals) • Supported planning and execution of Interagency Rapid Health Assessment Team movements

  18. Operations Overview: Indonesia Engineering: • Assessments • Airfields • Ports • Landing zones • Infrastructure • Damaged structures • Warehouse construction and immediate repairs to generators, hospital equipment and critical facilities Valuable immediate contribution to long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts

  19. Operations Overview: Indonesia Medical: • Interagency Rapid Health Assessment Team activities • Immediate care and MEDEVAC support • Repair of key hospital equipment • Facilitated USNS MERCY relief effort USNS Mercy Operations

  20. Transition supports long-term U.S. engagement in Southeast Asia and Indian Ocean Basin Operations Overview: Regional Transition Enhanced Theater Security Cooperation PACOM CSF-536 Long Term Reconstruction USAID UN

  21. Issues

  22. Issues: CSF 536 Mission HUMANITARIAN SUPPLIES DISTRIBUTION REMAINS RECOVERY AND IDENTIFICATION ENGINEERING CSF-536, in support of USAID/OFDA, provides humanitarian assistance/ disaster relief support to the governments of Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia and other affected nations in order to minimize loss of life and mitigate human suffering. On order, transition US Military HA/DR activities to designated agencies and/or Host Nations, in order to facilitate continuity of relief and redeployment. EXECUTABLE?

  23. Issues: Organization and Command Relationships COMPONENTS SUPPORTING CSGs SUPPORTED CSG THAILAND CSG SRI LANKA CSG INDONESIA CSF 536 MARFOR NAVFOR AFFOR/ JFACC JFSOCC HOW DID IT WORK? PROVIDE FORCES—RETAIN OPCON COORDINATE LOCAL OPERATIONS

  24. Issues: What’s in a Name? TERMS HAVE REPUTATIONS… …AND TERMS HAVE MEANING COMBINED SUPPORT FORCE JOINT TASK FORCE VERSUS COMBINED COORDINATION CENTER CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS CENTER VERSUS DISENGAGEMENT TRANSITION VERSUS SPECIAL OPERATIONS

  25. Issues: Building a Joint/Combined HQ PACOM SJFHQ PACOM DJTFAC PACOM MPAT + + + CCC INTERAGENCY PARTNERS MULTINATIONAL LNOs + + + JOINT IAs + UN/NGO REPS = CSF 536 HQ THE JOINT MANNING DOCUMENT THERE IS NO STANDARD TEMPLATE III MEF COMMAND ELEMENT SLOW PROCESS WHAT SOP DO YOU USE? WHAT SOP DO YOU TRAIN TO?

  26. Issues: Combined Coordination UNOCHA IHC OFDA CSF-536 CCC RFA Process

  27. Issues: Force Protection • EVERY LOCATION IS DIFFERENT • BALANCE RISKS AND REWARDS OF DIFFERENT POSTURES • POLITICAL PRESSURE FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC IS THIS THE PICTURE WE WANT?

  28. Issues: Accomplishing the Mission OBJECTIVE INPUTS SUBJECTIVE INPUTS SPECIFIED IN MISSION STATEMENT • CONSENSUS: • HOST NATION • U.S. AMBASSADOR • USAID/UN/NGO RFA RATE: OTHER AGENCY CAPABILITIES RFA TYPE: RELIEF CHANGING TO RECONSTRUCTION WHEN IS THE MISSION COMPLETE? COMMANDER’S DECISION? “DINNER PARTY RULES” WHEN DO YOU PICK A DATE?

  29. Issues: Intelligence HUMANITARIAN REQUIREMENTS MEDICAL THREATS FORCE PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE MILITARYCI COUNTRY TEAM MEDICAL INTEL HUMINT HUMINT P-3 P-3 SATELLITE UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED CLASSIFIED PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT DISSEMINATION CHALLENGE SOVEREIGNTY ISSUES

  30. Issues: Logistics ? NOT DEFINED COMBAT LOGISTICS FLEET MPSRON COMLOGWESTPACCRITICAL MOST EFFECTIVE MEANS REQUIREMENT SUPPLIES PULL • IMMEDIATE RESPONSE • BACKLOG IN AREAS PUSH SEABASING

  31. Issues: Information/Communications MISSION SUCCESS RELIES ON SHARING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATING IN AN AUSTERE AND DISPERSED ENVIRONMENT US INTERAGENCY FOREIGN MILITARIES PACOM LNO CSG US COUNTRY TEAM CSF LNO AFFOR UN AGENCIES NGOs LNO CSG NAVFOR HOST NATIONS MILITARY MEANS (NIPR/SIPR/RADIO) AUGMENTED BY CELL PHONES AND WWW EMAIL

  32. Wrap Up: Key Take Aways MISSION EVOLUTION • “MUDDY BOOTS” BUSINESS HANDS ON LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION • SPEED OF RESPONSE AT ALL LEVELS • MISSION CREEP • THEATER SECURITY COOPERATION EFFECTIVENESS ACCESS AND RELATIONSHIPS GET OFF THE STAGE WHILE THEY’RE STILL CLAPPING

  33. QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS?

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