1 / 39

Chapter 27

Chapter 27. Section 1 – Early Difficulties. Leadership in the Pacific. General Douglas MacArthur: Son of Arthur MacArthur Distinguished General Served in Philippines Wounded Twice WWI 1937 Retires Philippines Advisor President Orders: Roosevelt Recalls to Active Duty

dannon
Download Presentation

Chapter 27

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 27 Section 1 – Early Difficulties

  2. Leadership in the Pacific • General Douglas MacArthur: • Son of Arthur MacArthur • Distinguished General • Served in Philippines • Wounded Twice • WWI • 1937 Retires • Philippines Advisor • President Orders: • Roosevelt Recalls to Active Duty • Summer 1941 • Command of all U.S. Army Units in Pacific

  3. The Pacific Theatre • Japan Attacks: • Pearl Harbor • Dec. 7, 1941 • Hitler Declares War • Against America • Dec. 11, 1941 • December 8, 1941 • Bomb Philippines • Clark Air Force Base • Following Weeks: • Burma • Borneo • Netherlands East Indies • Wake Island • Hong Kong

  4. The Philippines • Significance: • Planes Provide Air Support • Pacific Fleet in Philippines • Fleet Withdraws • Threat of Planes • Taiwan Air Base

  5. Fighting in the Philippines • Battle of Bataan: • General Douglass MacArthur • United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) • American & Filipino • Held out Against Imperial Army • 4 Months • By March • Entire Western Pacific • Japanese Control • Except Philippines • MacArthur's Orders: • Retreat to Bataan Peninsula • Rapid Evacuation • Supplies & Food

  6. Bataan Peninsula

  7. Japanese Control

  8. The Philippines • Japanese Advance in Philippines: • No Air or Navy Opposition • Advance toward Manila • Japanese Pressure: • Keep Pressure on • War of Attrition • Roosevelt Orders • MacArthur to Australia • MacArthur Vows Philippines • "I Shall Return” • Surrender: • April 9, 1942 • 75,000 Soldiers • 12,000 Americans • 63,000 Filipinos

  9. Soldiers in the Philippines • Bataan Death March: • Soldiers left on Peninsula Surrender • April 1942 • 70,000 Soldiers Forced to March • 65 Mile March • Camp O'Donnell • Fell Behind...Executed • March Toll: • 10,000 Died • Sun Treatment • MudEating • General Homma • Lead Japanese • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQWdETwFACs

  10. Early War Difficulties – Java Sea • Leading to a Conflict: • Japanese Invasion (2) • Approaching East End of Java • February 27, 1942 • (ABDA) Intercept Fleet • American-British-Dutch-Australian • Difference in Language • Lack of Common Training • Non Modern Ships • Inferior Air Support • Battle of Java Sea: • Large Japanese Force Sent • Instantly Overwhelm ABDA • 4 Older Destroyers (WWI) • Return to Port Surabaya • Refuel • Several Ships Sunk • Doorman's Orders • Flee to Port

  11. Early Difficulties – Sunda Strait • Battle of Sunda Strait: (Feb. 28, 1942) • Houston & Perth • Fleeing Java Sea • Find Landing Force at Bantam Bay • Japanese Invasion: • Supported • Widely Dispersed • Cruisers & Destroyers • Allied Response: • Attack Transports • Japanese Response: • Warships Close in • Fire a Total...90 Torpedoes

  12. Sunda Strait Results • Attack Results: • Both Ships Sunk • 2 Japanese Ships Sunk • 3 Transports Severely Damaged

  13. Java Sea Aftermath • Resounding Japanese Victory: • Ends ABDA Resistance • Invasion Forces Land • Java • Fleet Losses: (1st Java) • ABDA Lost: (14 Total) • 3 Cruisers • 3 Destroyers • Japanese Lost: • 2 Destroyers • Remaining ABDA Fleet: • Remaining Units of Fleet Destroyed • Battle of Sunda Strait • 2nd Battle of Java Sea

  14. Indian Ocean March 31, 1942 – May 10, 1942 • Japanese Forces: • Annihilate ABDA at Java • Carrier Force (Kido Butai) • Admiral Nagumo • Head Westward to Indian Ocean • Indian Ocean Raid: • Operation C • Destroy British Naval Power • Indian Ocean • Secure Westward Flank • Eliminate British Access • Oil: Persian Gulf • Rubber: Ceylon • Islands Control • Harbor & Naval Base • Operations Continue • Burma • Ceylon

  15. Indian Ocean Aftermath • Japanese Fleet: (Kido Butai) • "Intimidate" British Fleet • Capture Key • Locations • Bases • Prepare Invasion of Ceylon • Japanese Invasion: • Ceylon • Never Takes Place • First Carrier Striking Force • Recalled to Japan • Doolittle Raid

  16. Response to Pearl Harbor • Doolittle Raid: • 16 B-25 Bombers "Mitchell" • 5 Man Crew • Launchoff Aircraft Carrier (USS Hornet) • April18 Mid-Afternoon • Encountered Enemy 400 Miles Away • Launch 600 Miles Away

  17. Doolittle Raids • Raid Results: • Targets were Hit (Minimum Damage) • Boosted American Morale • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yXzYxUC93A • Japanese: • Recall Forces (Home Defense) Medal Return – “With Interest” • Civilians Concerned • The Raid Men: • No Planes Reach China • Men Escorted by Chinese • Two Crews Captured • 8 Airmen • 3 Executed • Japan PunishesChinese... • 250,000 Murdered • Japanese High Command • Embarrassed • Recall 1st Air Fleet • Secure 'Pacific Frontier’

  18. Battle of Coral Sea(May 7-8 1942) • Japan's Aggression: • Extending Defensive Perimeter • Success Indian Ocean • Japanese Escort: • Large Convoy • 2 Heavy Carriers • Shokaku • Zuikaku

  19. American Advantage • Signals Intelligence: • Message Intercepted • 2 Carrier Groups Sent to Coral Sea • Lexington • Yorktown • May 7, 1942: • Early in Battle • American Aircraft • Sink Shoho • Australian/American Cruisers • Block Invasion • Japanese Pilots • Attack Group

  20. Battle of Coral Sea • May 8, 1942: • Japanese Pilots • Find American Carriers • Heavily Damage Yorktown • Sunk Lexington • First Carrier - Carrier Battle • Never Saw One Another

  21. Coral Sea Results • U.S. Results: • Strategic Victory • Invasion Thwarted • Supply Line Remains Open • First Substantial Warship Kill • Shoho • LexingtonSunk • YorktownSeverelyDamaged • Japanese Results: • Japanese Heavy Carriers • Severely Damaged • Couldn't take Part in next Operation • Japanese First Major Failure • Another Insult • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj-bAJgwej4 • Yamamoto: • Master Plan Fails • Defeat American Fleet • Midway

  22. Preparing for an Invasion • Midway Significance: • Last Island • American Control • Invade Pearl Harbor • Eliminate Fleet Base • Advantage in Pacific • The Purpose: • Draw Out Pacific Fleet • Defeat it • Japanese Embarrassed • Doolittle Raid (April) • Coral Sea (May)

  23. Yamamoto’s Master Plan • 3 Phase Plan: • Phase 1: • Vice Admiral Nagumo • Carrier Force • Suppress Midway • Long-Range Strike Power • American Warships • Phase 2: • Admiral Yamamoto • Battleship Group • Heavy Gun Power • Phase 3: • Vice Admiral Kondo • Battleship & Cruiser Forces • Capture Midway • Aleutian Islands: • Simultaneous Operation • Strategic Diversion

  24. Battle Groups • America: • Quickly Repair Yorktown • 3 Heavy Carriers • Enterprise, Hornet, Yorktown • Japan: • Unable to Repair 2 Heavy Carriers • Coral Sea • 4 Heavy Carriers • Kido Butai • Superior Training & Tactics

  25. American Fleet • American Good Fortune: • Superior Communications Intelligence • Early Warning of Attack • Chester Nimitz: • Pacific Fleet Commander • Carriers to Pearl Harbor • Refuel & Rearm • Escape Japanese Subs • Sets Ambush • Carriers Sent Northeast • June 2nd • Submarines • Cover Midway

  26. Battle of Midway June 4-6 1942 • Japanese Attack: • Midway Island • Aircraft • Carrier Fleet Located: • Americans Launch Aircraft • Torpedo Planes • Dive-Bombers • Japanese Re-Arming Aircraft • Torpedoes • Attack Carriers • American Aircraft: • Torpedo Planes • No Hits • Draw Anti-Air Fire • Fighters

  27. Good Fortune • "Act of God": • Dive Bombers Lost • Follow Destroyer Wake • Carriers • Hit & Sink • 3 Carriers (Akagi, Kaga, Soryu) • Planes-Fuel-Bombs • Explode on Flight Deck • HiryuLaunch Counterattack • Cripple Yorktown • Yorktown Aircraft Sinks Hiryu

  28. Midway Results • Japanese Carrier Force: • Kido Butai (1st Air Fleet) • Destroyed • Ends Offensive Capabilities • Lost Carriers • Skilled Pilots • Japan High Water Mark: • Prior to Midway • Japan had Naval Superiority • Choose When & Where to Attack • After Midway • Two Fleets Equal • Americans Going on Offensive • Guadalcanal Campaign: (August 7, 1942-February 7, 1943) • Japanese Lack Carrier Advantage • Americans 1st Major Land Offensive in Pacific • Americans Offensive-Japanese Defensive • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1v4I6RGRW50&feature=fvw

  29. Battle of MidwayAdvantages/Review Admiral Yamamoto's plan is intercepted and decoded by the U.S. Advantages: Quick repairs to Yorktown allow the U.S. to commit 3 Heavy Carriers against Japan's 4 and had forewarning of Japan's intentions. Also had a little luck Japan had superior training and tactics Attack: Americans discover group and launch land and carrier based attacks. Torpedo plane based attack failed but did bring Japanese fighters down to lower altitude leaving high-altitude attack open. Bombers lost follow destroyer back to Carrier Division. 3 Carriers were (Akagi, Kaga, Soryu) heavily hit and sunk Hiryulaunch a counterattack and cripple Yorktown (later sunk-sub) KiduButai Japanese Carrier force destroyed End of Japanese strategic offensive capabilities Lost main carriers and unreplacable skilled pilots

  30. Guadalcanal • United States 1st major offensive • American Marines • 6 desperate months held onto a toehold around airport • Major General Alexander A. Vandegrift • Commander of US Marines • “these people refuse to surrender, the wounded wait until men come to examine them and then blow themselves up” • Japanese send huge fleet to Soloman Islands • U.S. Fleet defeat Japanese in a bloody battle • Turned the war in Pacific in the Allies favor

  31. Navajo Code Talkers • March 1942 • Marine Signal Corps organized a unit • Composed of Navajo some of who were teenagers • Provided unbreakable code • “Chicken Hawk” • Dive Bomber • “Hummingbird” • Fighter plane • “Iron Fish” • Submarine • Often worked in dangerous conditions behind enemy lines • By August 1943 nearly 200 Navajo were participating in the Code Talker program • End of the War 400 had served • Code was never broken

More Related