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FEUDALISM & MANORIALISM IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 800-1000

FEUDALISM & MANORIALISM IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 800-1000. Obj: To understand the development of a new social , political and economic structure in the Early Middle Ages by identifying events that forced the change. THE EMERGING WORLD OF FEUDALISM.

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FEUDALISM & MANORIALISM IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 800-1000

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  1. FEUDALISM & MANORIALISM IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 800-1000 Obj: To understand the development of a new social , political and economic structure in the Early Middle Ages by identifying events that forced the change.

  2. THE EMERGING WORLD OF FEUDALISM • SLOW PROCESS FROM FALL OF ROME TO LATE MIDDLE AGES • SOME SAY BEGAN AS EARLY AS CHARLES MARTEL: HE HAD NO MONEY & SO PAID HIS SOLDIERS IN LAND • AFTER TREATY OF VERDUN CAROLINGIAN RULES BEGINS TO DIMINISH, KING LOSES POWER SO LOCAL LEADERS BEGIN TO INCREASE THEIR INFLUENCE WITHIN THEIR LANDS & LOYALTY OF PEOPLE SHIFTS • FEDUALISM IS BETWEEN SOCIAL EQUALS • EMPIRE UNABLE TO PROVIDE SERVICES TO LOCAL AREAS SO POWER SHIFT TO LOCAL LEVEL & NOBILITY GETS MILITARY LOYALTY • FEUDALISM FUNCTIONS AS A WAY TO ORGANIZE POLITICAL AUTHORITY • LAND IN EXCHANGE FOR SERVICE, USUALLY MILITARY • 2 COMPONENTS: PERSONAL CALLED VASSALAGE & PROPERTY CALLED BENEFICE

  3. DISINTIGRATION OF THE EMPIRE • BORDERS STRETCHED BEYOND LIMITS – CENTRAL AUTHORITY DECLINED & LOCAL POWER INCREASED • INTERNAL DISCORD LED TO INVASIONS • VIKINGS LOSE TRADE REV-ENUE & RESORT TO RAIDING • CHARLES THE BALD 844 PAID OFF VIKINGS W/ 7,000 LBS SILVER • EARLY 10TH C. FRANKISH KING BOUGHT OFF NORSEMEN W/ LAND IN N. FRANCE AFTER 100 SHIP INVASION NORMANDY • SHORT TERM DEVASTATION • QUICK ASSIMILATION

  4. ALFRED THE GREAT’S SUCCESS • ENGLAND NEVER PART OF EMPIRE; COMPETING SMALL KINGDOMS • VIKING THREAT UNIFIED THEM • DEFEAT VIKINGS & AT SAME TIME SUBDUED OPPOSING ROYAL FAMILES • ALFRED 871-899 & HEIRS BEGIN UNIFICATION OF ENGLAND • SET UP ARMY, FOUNDED NEW TOWNS, CODIFIED ENGLISH LAW, CREATED COURT SYSTEM • VERNACULAR RIVALED LATIN, BEOWULF • UNTIL 11TH C. ONLY VERNACULAR IN EUROPE USED FOR REGULAR WRITTEN COMMUNICAITON

  5. VASSALAGE & BENEFICE • DEVELOPED OUT OF GERMAN SOCIETY – COMITATUS: WILLING TO FOLLOW POWERFUL LORD • ONE WHO SERVED LORD VASSAL – CELTIC ‘SERVANT’ • PROPERTY ASPECT FUSED W/ SERVICE – COSTS $ TO FIGHT • LAND PROVIDED ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR VASSAL • KNIGHTS HAD TO ADAPT TO NEW CAVALRY FIGHTING FROM FOOT SOLDIERS & WILL ALSO COST TIME & MONEY

  6. COMMON TRAITS OF FEUDALISM • 1) TIES OF LOYALTY & DUTY • 2) LANDHOLDING • 3) LOCAL RULE • VERY DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT AREAS SO HARD TO GENERALIZE PARTICIPANTS IN FEUDALISM – RELATIONS AMONG EQUALS: • THOSE WHO SERVE- CLERGY • THOSE WHO FIGHT- KNIGHTS • THOSE WHO WORK- SERFS • FORMAL HOMAGE CEREMONY

  7. PROBLEMS ARISEVASSALS OF VASSALS OF VASSALS

  8. MANORIALISM • RELATIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL UNEQUALS • WORK LAND, FIEF, IN EXCHANGE FOR PROTECTION • PROSPERITY OF LAND GAVE MONETARY SUPPORT FOR KNIGHTS BUT TOOK LOTS OF TIME TO LEARN HOW TO FIGHT ON A HORSE & HANDLE WEAPONS & TO STAY IN SHAPE FOR WAR • NEED SOMEONE TO WORK THE MANOR: AGRARIAN ESTATE • MANOR DEVELOPS DURING INVASIONS OF 6TH & 7TH CENTURIES • WILLINGLY (?) GAVE UP FREEDOM FOR PROTECTION – REALLY THEIR ONLY OPTION • BY 9TH C. 60% OF FREE POPULATION HAD BEEN REDUCED TO SERFDOM • TRADE DECLINED DUE TO WARFARE BUT STILL A DEMAND AMONG NOBLES FOR LUXURY GOODS FROM MUSLIM & BYZANTINE EMPIRES • BARTER BEGINS TO TAKE OVER BECAUSE DECLINE IN COINS, JEWELS ETC (PEOPLE HOARDING THEM)

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