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Forces Inside Earth (43)

Learn about the forces inside the Earth that lead to earthquakes, including how rocks break and move along faults. Explore the types of faults - normal, reverse, and strike-slip - and understand the different forces that cause them. Watch educational videos to enhance your knowledge.

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Forces Inside Earth (43)

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  1. Forces Inside Earth (43) • Once the elastic limit is passed, the rocks may break • When rocks break, they move along surfaces called faults • To relieve this stress, the rocks tend to bend, compress, or stretch. • If the force is great enough, the rocks will break.

  2. An earthquake is the vibrations produced by the breaking of rock. • Most earthquakes occur near plate boundaries. • Rocks move past each other along faults, rough surfaces catch, movement stops along the fault

  3. How Earthquakes Occur • Stress causes the rocks to bend and change shape. • Rocks are stressed beyond their elastic limit, they can break, move along the fault, and return to their original shapes. • An earthquake results • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSgB1IWr6O4

  4. Types of Faults • Three types of forces—tension, compression, and shear—act on rocks. • Tension is the force that pulls rocks apart, and compression is the force that squeezes rocks together. • Shear is the force that causes rocks on either side of a fault to slide past each other.

  5. Normal Faults • Along a normal fault, rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault surface

  6. Reverse Faults • Reverse faults result from compression forces that squeeze rock. • If rock breaks from forces pushing from opposite directions, rock above a reverse fault surface is forced up and over the rock below the fault surface

  7. Strike-Slip Faults • At a strike-slip fault, rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much upward or downward movement. • The San Andreas Fault is the boundary between two of Earth’s plates that are moving sideways past each other. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPaHJ4rAEtM

  8. Vibrations produced by breaking rock are called __________. • A. earthquakes • B. eruptions • C. faults • D. liquefaction

  9. The type of force that pulls rocks apart is __________. • A. compression • B. shear • C. surface • D. tension

  10. At a __________ fault, rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other with little upward or downward movement. • A. compression • B. normal • C. reverse • D. strike-slip

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