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Volcanoes

Volcanoes. Part A What are volcanoes?. What is a Volcano?. Hot Lava. Cold Rock. ACTIVE. Z. Z. z. DORMANT. EXTINCT. Mountains that erupt lava. Hawaii. How Hot is Lava?. 1160°C. Heat suit. USGS photo by R.L. Christiansen Jan.9, 1973. Measuring the temperature.

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Volcanoes

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  1. Volcanoes

  2. Part AWhat are volcanoes?

  3. What is a Volcano? Hot Lava Cold Rock ACTIVE Z Z z DORMANT EXTINCT Mountains that erupt lava Hawaii

  4. How Hot is Lava? 1160°C Heat suit USGS photo by R.L. Christiansen Jan.9, 1973 Measuring the temperature

  5. Inside and below a Volcano vent cone magma chamber Pipe (Conduit)

  6. What is lava and magma? melt +crystals +bubbles

  7. Where does magma come from? • A look inside the Earth Mantle Solid that flows Runny Outer Core Crust Solid Inner Core Solid

  8. Where does magmacome from? • A look at the mantle and crust Crust Mantle

  9. Why do volcanoes erupt? Hot air Cold air Ocean Cold Crust HotMelt HotMantle Cooler Mantle

  10. How do they erupt? • EXPLOSIVE • EFFUSIVE magma magma Sticky Lots of Bubbles Runny Not many bubbles

  11. Pause • Talk Partners • 30 seconds to describe together how a volcano erupts. • Bonus points: • Why it erupts • Technical language • Imagery • Three pairs will be asked at random • As a group we will decide whose description most Volcanologist-like!

  12. How do they erupt? • EFFUSIVE • EXPLOSIVE Sticky Lots of Bubbles! Runny Not many Bubbles Hawaii

  13. Explosive Volcanoes Montserrat Montserrat Ash Fall Pyroclastic Flow Pyroclastic Flow Courtesy of www.swisseduc.ch Pyroclastic Flow

  14. Effusive Volcanoes • ’a’a • Pahoehoe Aaflows Pahoehoe flows Rough Lots of pieces Smooth or Ropy Courtesy of A. Rust Courtesy of A. Rust

  15. Where can we find volcanoes? Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program World map of volcanoes erupted within the past 10,000 years

  16. Pause • Talk Partners with whiteboards: • Take it in turns one word or phrase on volcanoes. (Don’t worry about spellings) • How many can you think of? • How many did you get out of possible 20? • Any you are particular proud of remembering?

  17. Activity

  18. Activity Whathelps make explosive eruptions? • Making a Volcanic Eruption • You will need: • 2 litre bottle of soda or cola • 1 roll of mints

  19. Challenge Explain to your Talk Partner or group why the bottled exploded. Maybe a diagram would help?

  20. Activity USGS/Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Photo by J.D. Griggs Bubbles

  21. Part BIn what ways can volcanoes be hazardous?

  22. Volcanic Hazards Danger to People, Places and Things

  23. Volcanic Hazards Bent bars of a broken house. Which way did the flow go? Fast flowing rocks! • Explosive:Pyroclastic Flow • Flows sweeping away buildings

  24. Volcanic Hazards • Explosive:Burial • Flows burying buildings

  25. Volcanic Hazards • Explosive:Burns • Hot flows burning trees and buildings.

  26. Volcanic Hazards • Explosive:Lahars • Fast flowing water and rock

  27. Volcanic Hazards • Explosive:Ash Fall • Ash falling from eruption USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory Photo by David Wieprecht

  28. Volcanic Hazards Effusive:Lava Flows Pahoehoe flows Courtesy of Swisseduc.ch

  29. Volcanic Hazards • Noxious Gas • Magma loses bubbles • Gas leaks into the air

  30. Volcanic Hazards Japan • Earthquakes • Magma pushes on crust • Shakes and breaks buildings and roads

  31. Challenge What can we do to help people who live near active volcanoes? As a Volcanologist, you have been asked to give advice for a new education leaflet for islanders who live close to a volcano that you have not visited before. How could you go about answering the question?

  32. ? Question What can we do to help people who live near active volcanoes? Mt. St. Helens 1. Look and Learn 2. Watch Active Volcanoes 3. Escape Plans 4. Find out why people live near volcanoes 5. Teach

  33. Part CWhat do real volcanoes look like and behave?

  34. Volcanoes Examples from Past and Present Courtesy of www.swisseduc.ch

  35. Pompeii • Vesuvius, Italy – 79AD • Explosive • Ash and flows covered Pompeii

  36. Pompeii cc. of Crew Creative cc. Crew Creative Gladiator’s Barracks Pompeii Excavations

  37. Pompeii Plaster casts of bodies

  38. Pompeii Naples Vesuvius Bay of Naples Pompeii Courtesy of www.swisseduc.ch Vesuvius today

  39. Pelée Before After Mt. Pelée, Martinique - 1902

  40. Pelée • 2 survived What happened so that only two people survived? Photo by Angelo Heilprin 29,000 people died

  41. Heimaey Vestmannaeyjer, Iceland - 1973

  42. Heimaey Lava flows caught people by surprise

  43. Heimaey What is happening in this picture and why?

  44. Heimaey What is happening in this picture and why?

  45. Danger on the Island C Active B Extinct A Extinct N 3km Where can people live safely on the island?

  46. Montserrat Pyroclastic Flow Courtesy of www.swisseduc.ch Real-Life Scenario

  47. Part DThe Quiz: How much do you remember?

  48. Brain Challenge Questions about Volcanoes Photo: Tom Pfeiffer / www.volcanodiscovery.com

  49. Brain Challenge V____ e n t What is a volcano? Mountains that erupt . l a v a Cone Lava is very: hotcold Conduit A dormant volcano is: awake asleep M a g m a ________ chamber What is lava and magma? m + bubbles + crystals e l t Why do volcanoes erupt? Hot magma wants to go: up down How do volcanoes erupt? Two types: e and effusive . x p l o s i v e What helps make explosive volcanoes erupt? . b u b b l e s Explosive volcanoes erupt a lot of into the air. a s h Do effusive volcanoes have runny or sticky lava? . r u n n y Can lava burn trees and houses? yes Can you outrun a pyroclastic flow? no Questions

  50. The End

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