Active Assailant Training Workshop: DNS Standardized Template Overview

1. DNS Active Assailant Training Workshop March 25 – 29, 2019 Hanford HAMMER Federal Training Facility Pablo Maurino Office of Security Operations & Programmatic Planning, Office of Defense Nuclear Security

2. BACKGROUND • ISSUE: A review of NNSA sites’ Active Shooter/Workplace Violence (AS/WV) response plans showed wide disparities in: • Comprehensiveness and quality • Initial response • Legal authority • GOAL: To become the GOLD STANDARD in active assailant response • COURSE OF ACTION: Establish a solid foundation/framework for sustaining a healthy active shooter response program throughout the complex • Develop Active Killer/Workplace Violence Response Planning Template • Active Shooter Workshop • Longevity and Sustainment

3. TEMPLATE OVERVIEW • PRINCIPLE BASED APPROACH: Template provides a common vision based on sound tactical principles for active killer response. • Best practices adopted from leading field experts in the active shooter response community, including: IAB, DHS, and IAEMSC • COMMON LANGUAGE: Template uses universally accepted language for active shooter response. A critical element for a multiagency response. • RED FONT: Must be used verbatim • BLUE FONT: May be altered but must maintain spirit/intent • 5 PARAGRAPH ORDER FORMAT: Template uses a basic operational format consisting of an orientation and 5 paragraphs. • SMEAC- Situation, Mission, Execution/Commander’s Intent, Administration/Logistics, Command and Signal

4. DNS Standardized Planning Template Section 1: SMEAC- Situation- Mission- Execution- Admin & Logistics- Command & Signal • MISSION ELEMENTS • INCIDENT COMMANDER • CONTACT TEAMS • EMERGENCY SERVICES • RESCUE TASK FORCE

5. DNS Standardized Planning Template Section 1: SMEAC- Situation- Mission- Execution- Admin & Logistics- Command & Signal

6. DNS STANDARDIZED TEMPLATE Section 1: SMEAC- Situation- Mission- Execution- Admin & Logistics- Command & Signal ADMIN AND LOGISTICS Supply, evacuations, transportation, service, personnel, and miscellaneous COMMAND AND SIGNAL Signal instructions. Command Post. Location of Commander.

7. ACTIVE ASSAILANT TRAINING WORKSHOP

8. PARTICIPANT OVERVIEW • PARTICIPANTS: AATW Workshop participants included Security Police Officers, Supervisors, and Training Instructors from the following sites: NNSA SITES • Nevada National Security Site, Y-12 Security Complex, Pantex Plant, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Kansas City National Security Campus, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory NM/CA, and Savannah River Site DOE SITES • Idaho National Laboratory, Hanford Site, Waste Isolation Power Plant, and West Valley Demonstration Project OBSERVERS • Vulnerability Assessors, Performance Testers, Office of Enterprise Assessments (EA-22), Office of Independent Oversite Composite Adversary Team (CAT), Adversary Interdiction Team (A.I.M), Site Emergency Management/Fire Department, National Training Center, AU-50

9. WORKSHOP GOALS, OBJECTIVES, OUTCOMES • GOAL: The goal of the AATW was to evaluate the elements in section 1 of the Active Killer Response Template though scenario-based training and table top exercises. Workshop feedback will be used to further strengthen the Active Killer Response Template • Element #1: Contact Team Response • Element #2: Rescue Task Force • Element #3: Incident Command • Element #4: Emergency Services • OBJECTIVES • To establish common operating language • To establish fundamental response principles • To fully understand legal authority governing the same template section

10. WORKSHOP GOALS, OBJECTIVES, OUTCOMES Cont. • OUTCOMES: The AATW was developed using specific training outcomes. These outcomes were critical to overall success of the workshop • Outcome #1: Training to grow problem solving • Outcome #2: Training to increase intangibles • Outcome #3: Training to increase understanding and awareness • Outcome #4: Training to increase deliberate thought • Outcome #5: Training to improve mission performance

11. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 1: OUTCOME #3, UNDERSTANDING AND AWARENESS • KEYNOTE SPEAKER: LTC Dave Grossman • A Bullet Proof Mind • ENEMY ANALYSIS: Proper understanding of enemy capabilities, patterns, and trends were a critical part of understanding and awareness • MENTAL CONDITIONING: Educating SPOs on the physiological and psychological effects of combat • Establish the tone and expectations for the week

12. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 2: ELEMENT #1, OUTCOME #2. INCREASE INTAGIBLES • CONTACT TEAM RESPONSE • Performance vs Compliance Training (Morning) • “How well am I doing at what matters most?” • ASSESSMENTS: Solo Response • DELIBERATE PRACTICE: 4 Stations • Speed, Accuracy, Tactics, Communications • “Based on your performance, if you could practice anything, what would it be?” • INTANGIBLES: Confidence. Accountability. Adaptability. Initiative

13. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 2: ELEMENT #1, OUTCOME #2. INCREASE INTANGIBLES (cont.) • SOLO RESPONSE: (Afternoon) • Officer Down Drill • Solo vs Backup Response • Physical Stressors Activity • Multiple Access Points Response • Interior and Exterior Link up • Static vs Dynamic Environments • POLICY BRIEFING: AU-50 and GC (OST) were invited to respond to questions submitted by each site prior to the workshop

14. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 3: ELEMENT #2, OUTCOME #1. GROW PROBLEM SOLVING • RTF Discussion: Composition, what an RTF does, and PF roles and responsibilities • SNAPSHOTS, RESOURCES, and TRAINING PROGRESSION • Phase 1A: Create a warm zone with EMS available (4-8 min) • Phase 1B: Create a warm zone with EMS not available (4-8 min) • Phase 2A: Create a warm zone with EMS available and execute evacuations, casualty collection points, and TCC if necessary ( 4-12 min) • Phase 2B: Create a warm zone with EMS not available and execute evacuations, casualty collection points, and TCC if necessary ( 4-12 min)

15. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 3: ELEMENT #2, OUTCOME #1. GROW PROBLEM SOLVING (Cont.) • PHASE 3 and 4 REQUIRED MAXIMUM PARTICIPATION • Phase 3: Create a warm zone with EMS and LLE available and respond to an additional tactical problem (4-30 min) • Phase 4: Create a warm zone with EMS and LLE available and respond to an additional threat (4-30 min) • DELIBERATE PRACTICE TACTICAL CASUALTY CARE • Participants not actively engaged in training participated in Deliberate Practice TCC Stations • Tourniquet Application • PMARCHP Algorithm • Wound Packing • Chest Seal Application

16. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 4: ELEMENT #3, OUTCOME #4. INCREASE DELIBERATE THOUGHT • TLL: THINK LIKE A LEADER • TLL was developed over several weeks via teleconference with SMEs. The overall concept is to capture the cognitive behaviors of experts • AARs: The following AARs were used to access the IC requirements of the Template • Aurora, Co Theater Shooting • Orlando Nightclub Shooting • Virginia Tech Campus Shooting • New Zealand Massacre • BREAKOUTS: Field Experts from VA/PA, FIRE/EMS, PF Management/Oversite

17. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 5: ELEMENT #4, OUTCOME #5. Improve Mission Performance • FINAL EXERCISE: Final exercise was not limited to one event. A total of six exercises were executed. All template elements were introduced and and range of thresholds included: • Moulage Kits, improvised explosive devises, vehicle attacks • Separate radio channels for PF, EMS, and LLE • Ambushes, barricaded suspects, and multiple shooters • Multiple stories, power outage, alarms, loud screams (LRAD), Unified Command, flash bangs, and smoke

18. EVENT SYNOPSIS • DAY 5: TEMPLATE #4, OUTCOME #5. IMPROVE MISSION PERFORMANCE (Cont.) • CHAOS BRIEF: Pablo Maurino • Purpose was to better understand chaos using science, mathematics, and logic “One cannot determine the nature or character of a system itself, moreover, attempts to do so will lead to confusion and disorder” • BREAKOUT DEBRIEF: Debriefs from breakouts on Thursday were conducted. Each breakout Lead was asked to share the challenges, trends, and best practices from across the complex

19. SUMMARY • WORKSHOP SUCCESS: Feedback has been extremely positive • WORKSHOP FEEDBACK: Efforts are currently taking place to solicit feedback from all participants to further strengthen the AS/WPV Template • RECOMMENDATIONS: Several recommendations have been submitted to DNS for the purpose of maintaining the success of the workshop • WORKSHOP MATERIALS: Post activity materials are being assembled and will be delivered to all participants

20. Active Shooter Incident Management • Considerations: • Assess boundaries and potential responders • Determine Regional ASIM Model • Integrate with Local LEA, OGA and EMS • Ensure common understanding of terms and operations • Update Policies, Mutual Aid and MOUs • Address Legal Concerns early • Resources/Guidance: • DHS- https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/first-responder • Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training ALERRT-Texas State University- (https://alerrt.org/) • C3 pathways ASIM guide (http://c3.cm/asc) • NFPA 3000