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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Using the Periodic Table Lesson 2 Metals Lesson 3 Nonmetals and Metalloids Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. How is the periodic table used to classify and provide information about all known elements?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Using the Periodic Table Lesson 2 Metals Lesson 3Nonmetals and Metalloids Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. How is the periodic table used to classify and provide information about all known elements? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. The elements on the periodic table are arranged in rows in the order they were discovered. 2. The properties of an element are related to the element’s location on the periodic table. 3. Fewer than half of the elements are metals. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Metals are usually good conductors of electricity. 5. Most of the elements in living things are nonmetals. 6. Even though they look very different, oxygen and sulfur share some similar properties. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Using the Periodic Table • How are elements arranged on the periodic table? • What can you learn about elements from the periodic table? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. Using the Periodic Table • periodic table • group • period Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. What is the periodic table? • The periodic tableis a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties. • It can be used to determine the relationships among the elements. Lesson 1-1

  9. Developing a Periodic Table • When Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev was working on classifying the elements, he placed his list of elements into a table and arranged them in rows of increasing atomic mass. • Elements with similar properties were grouped in the same column. Lesson 1-2

  10. Mendeleev noticed that melting point is one property that shows a repeating pattern. Lesson 1-2

  11. Developing a Periodic Table(cont.) • Boiling point and reactivity also follow a periodic pattern. • Mendeleev believed that the atomic masses of certain elements must be invalid because the elements appeared in the wrong place on the periodic table. • He placed elements whose properties resembled each other’s closer together in the table. Lesson 1-2

  12. When Moseley listed the elements according to atomic number, columns contained elements with similar properties, such as copper, silver, and gold. Lesson 1-2

  13. Developing a Periodic Table(cont.) What determines where an element is located on the periodic table you use today? Lesson 1-2

  14. Today’s Periodic Table You can identify many of the properties of an element from its placement on the periodic table. period Science Use the completion of a cycle; a row on the periodic table Common Use a point used to mark the end of a sentence; a time frame Lesson 1-3

  15. The table is organized into columns, rows, and blocks, which are based on certain patterns of properties. Lesson 1-3

  16. Today’s Periodic Table(cont.) • The element key shows an element’s chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. • The key also contains a symbol that shows the state of matter at room temperature. Lesson 1-3

  17. Today’s Periodic Table(cont.) • A groupis a column on the periodic table. • Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and react with other elements in similar ways. Lesson 1-3

  18. Today’s Periodic Table(cont.) What can you infer about the properties of two elements in the same group? Lesson 1-3

  19. Today’s Periodic Table(cont.) • The rows on the periodic table are called periods. • The atomic number of each element increases by one as you read from left to right across each period. Lesson 1-3

  20. Today’s Periodic Table(cont.) • Metals are on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table. • With the exception of hydrogen, nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table. • Between the metals and the nonmetals on the periodic table are the metalloids. Lesson 1-3

  21. How Scientists Use the Periodic Table Even today, new elements are created in laboratories, named, and added to the present-day periodic table. Lesson 1-4

  22. How Scientists Use the Periodic Table(cont.) • Scientists can use the periodic table to predict the properties of new elements they create. • The periodic table contains more than 100 elements, each with its unique properties that differ from the properties of other elements. Lesson 1-4

  23. On the periodic table, elements are arranged according to increasing atomic numbers and similar properties. Lesson 1 - VS

  24. A column of the periodic table is called a group. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Lesson 1 - VS

  25. A row of the periodic table is called a period. Properties of elements repeat in the same pattern from left to right across each period. Lesson 1 - VS

  26. How did Mendeleev arrange elements when he first used a table to classify elements? A. columns of increasing atomic mass B. rows of increasing atomic mass C. rows of increasing atomic number D. rows of decreasing atomic number Lesson 1 – LR1

  27. What does the element key of a periodic table indicate? A. chemical symbol B. atomic number C. atomic mass D. all of these Lesson 1 – LR2

  28. Where are all nonmetals (with the exception of hydrogen) located on the periodic table? A. top half B. right side C. left side D. bottom half Lesson 1 – LR3

  29. 1. The elements on the periodic table are arranged in rows in the order they were discovered. 2. The properties of an element are related to the element’s location on the periodic table. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  30. Metals • What elements are metals? • What are the properties of metals? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  31. Metals • metal • luster • ductility • malleability • alkali metal • alkaline earth metal • transition element Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  32. What is a metal? • More than three-quarters of the elements on the periodic table are metals. • With the exception of hydrogen, all of the elements in groups 1-12 on the periodic table are metals. • Some of the elements in groups 13-15 are metals. Lesson 2-1

  33. What is a metal?(cont.) To be a metal, an element must have certain properties. How does the position of an element on the periodic table allow you to determine if the element is a metal? Lesson 2-1

  34. What is a metal?(cont.) • A metalis an element that is generally shiny. It is easily pulled into wires or hammered into thin sheets. A metal is a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy. • Lusterdescribes the ability of a metal to reflect light. Lesson 2-1

  35. What is a metal?(cont.) Ductilityis the ability to be pulled into thin wires. ductility from Latin ductilis, means “may be led or drawn” Lesson 2-1

  36. What is a metal?(cont.) • Malleabilityis the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets. • Gold is so malleable that it can be hammered into thin sheets. • In general the density, strength, boiling point, and melting point of a metal are greater than those of other elements. Lesson 2-1

  37. What is a metal?(cont.) What are some physical properties of metals? Lesson 2-1

  38. Group 1: Alkali Metals • The elements in group 1 are called alkali metals. • The alkali metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. • Alkali metals react quickly with other elements, such as oxygen and in nature, occur only in compounds. Lesson 2-2

  39. Group 1: Alkali Metals(cont.) Alkali metals react violently with water. They are also soft enough to be cut with a knife. Lesson 2-2

  40. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals • The elements in group 2 on the periodic table are called alkaline earth metals. • The alkaline earth metals are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Lesson 2-3

  41. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals(cont.) Pure alkaline earth metals do not occur naturally but instead combine with other elements and form compounds. Lesson 2-3

  42. Groups 3-12: Transition Elements The elements in groups 3-12 are called transition elements. Lesson 2-4

  43. Groups 3-12: Transition Elements (cont.) • Transition elements are in a block at the center and two rows at the bottom of the periodic table. • Many colorful materials contain small amounts of transition elements. Lesson 2-4

  44. Groups 3-12: Transition Elements (cont.) • All transition elements are metals with higher melting points, greater strength, and higher densities than the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals. • Because of their high densities, strength, and resistance to corrosion, transition elements make good building materials. Lesson 2-4

  45. Groups 3-12: Transition Elements (cont.) Two rows of transition elements—the lanthanide and actinide series—were removed from the main part of the table so that periods 6 and 7 were not longer than the other periods. Lesson 2-4

  46. Patterns in Properties of Metals Metallic properties include luster, malleability, and electrical conductivity. Lesson 2-5

  47. Properties of metals include conductivity, luster, malleability, and ductility. Lesson 2 - VS

  48. Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals react easily with other elements. These metals make up groups 1 and 2 on the periodic table. Lesson 2 - VS

  49. Transition elements make up groups 3-12 and the lanthanide and actinide series on the periodic table. Lesson 2 - VS

  50. Which term describes the ability of a metal to reflect light? A. malleability B. ductility C. luster D. alkaline Lesson 2 – LR1

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