Colonial America

1. Colonial America 1587-1770

2. The Early English Settlements • Essential Question: • Why did the English settle in North America?

3. The Early English Settlements • Main Idea • After defeating the Spanish Armada, England became more and more interested in establishing colonies in North America.

4. Lost Colony of Roanoke 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh claims Roanoke Island for Queen Elizabeth 1587 – Raleigh sends John White, 91 men, 17 women and 9 children to Roanoke When English ships return 3 years later, all Colonists have disappeared

5. The Lost Colony of Roanoke

6. Lost Colony of Roanoke For a time, the failure of the Roanoke colony discouraged others from planning English colonies in North America However, the idea emerged again in 1606. Several groups of merchants sought charters, documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area, from King James I.

7. The Virginia Company Joint Stock Company Investors bought stock, or part ownership, in the company in return for a share of its future Settlers in America were to search for gold and establish trade in fish and furs 1607 – 144 settlers entered Chesapeake Bay and name their new settlement Jamestown

8. Jamestown

9. Jamestown Survives • Colonists faced hardships of disease and hunger • Colony survives the first 2 years because of 27 year old Captain John Smith • Experienced explorer • Forced settlers to work • Sought corn from Native Americans led by chief Powahatan

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11. Jamestown • Winter of 1606-1610 known as “the starving time” • Fighting breaks out with Native Americans • Finally, colonists begin to make money for investors by growing tobacco • Relations with Native Americas improve when John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powahatan

12. Jamestown

13. The House of Burgesses Virginia Colony government Burgesses meet to make local laws for the colony 1619 – First meeting of the House of Burgesses 1624 – King James cancels the Virginia Company charter and makes Jamestown the first royal colony in America.

14. Why did the English settle in North America? • They hoped to profit from resources found in America

15. New England Colonies • Essential Question: • Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in North America? • Read passage in notes!

16. The Pilgrims’ Journey • Some Separatists in the Netherlands made an arrangement with the Virginia Company • Separatists could settle in Virginia and practice their religion freely • In return, they would give the company a share of their profits • Only 35 of 102 passengers on board the Mayflower in 1620 were Pilgrims

17. The Mayflower Compact • Colonists on Mayflower drop anchor in Cape Cod Bay • Before going ashore, the Pilgrims drew up a formal document • Pledged their loyalty to England • Necessary step in the development of representative government in the new American colonies

18. Mayflower Compact Read and complete questions that follow.

19. Help From the Native Americans • First winter in America – Nearly ½ the Pilgrims die of malnutrition, disease and cold • Spring – the befriend two Native Americans (Squanto and Samoset) • Showed pilgrims how to grow corn, beans and pumpkins • Helped them to make peace with Wampanoag • The two groups lived in harmony

20. New Settlements: New England Colonies In 1625, Charles I became the king of England. Charles objected to the Puritans’ calls for reform in the Anglican Church. Persecution of Puritans within the country increased. As a result, some Puritans wanted to leave England.

21. Massachusetts Founded by Massachusetts Bay Company Governor John Winthrop Puritans chance to create a new society based on the Bible

22. Massachusetts Growth and Government 1630s – more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England At first, John Winthrop and the colony’s stock holders known as “The General Court” made the laws

23. Massachusetts Growth and Government • 1634 – Settlers demanded a bigger role in government • The General Court became an elected assembly • Adult male church members were allowed to vote for the governor and for representatives • What does this tell you about their society?

24. Massachusetts Puritans came to America to put their religious beliefs into practice. However, they had littler toleration for other religious beliefs. They criticized and persecuted people of other faiths. This lack of toleration led people to form new colonies in neighboring areas.

25. Connecticut • Dissatisfied with the way the Massachusetts Colony was run, the towns of Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield were established in the Connecticut wilderness • They adopted a plan called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • First written constitution in America • Described the organization of representative government in detail

26. Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams who believed in religious toleration and believed it was wrong to take land from Native Americans Received charter for Rhode Island in 1644 First place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely (including Jews!)

27. Conflict with Native Americans Settlers move onto Native American land without payment or permission English settlers and the Native Americans compete fiercely for land throughout entire period Eventually, settlers and their Native Americans allies defeat the Wampanoag Now the colonists are free to expand their settlements

28. Making Connections • What did the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut have in common? • Both provided organization in the form of gov’t • Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in N. America? • Separatists: Escape persecution but maintain their religious values and English way of life • Puritans: Escape persecution and establish a new society based on their religious beliefs.

29. Middle Colonies • Essential Question • How did the Middle Colonies develop?

30. England’s Colonies • 1660 – England has two clusters of colonies in America • North: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island • South: Maryland and Virginia • Between the two groups was land controlled by the Dutch

31. Dutch Main settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island Center of trade and shipping due to its seaport Dutch East India Company offers large estates to anyone bringing at least 50 settlers to New Netherland Why do you think New Netherland, later New York, was a valuable colony?

32. England Takes Over English want to acquire the valuable Dutch colony of New Netherland 1664 – English fleet attacks New Amsterdam Unprepared Dutch governor surrenders the colony quickly English King Charles II gives colony to the Duke of York

33. New York Colony • Proprietary Colony • Proprietor owns all land • Proprietor controls government • New York has a diverse population • German, Dutch, Swedish, Native American, Jewish

34. New Jersey • Proprietors Lord John Berkley and Sir George Cateret wanted to attract settlers. They offered • Large tracts of land • Freedom of religion • Trial by jury • Representative Assembly • Ethnically and religiously diverse • With no major ports, it was difficult for proprietors to make money

35. Pennsylvania If given a choice, would you take land or money for a debt that someone owed you? Why? 1681 – William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker, received land as payment for a debt owed by King Charles II William Penn saw Pennsylvania as a chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice

36. Quaker “Society of Friends” Believed everyone was equal People could follow their own “inner light” to salvation Pacifists Considered a threat in England and were persecuted

37. Delaware Swedes had settled in Southern Pennsylvania before English took over Charter of Privileges allowed these lower counties to form their own legislature These counties operated as a separate colony under Pennsylvania’s governor

38. Essential Question • Answer the Essential Question • How did the Middle Colonies develop? • NY: Thriving Dutch colony seized by the English; Major port; Proprietary Colony, Diverse population • NJ: Land and freedom offered to attract settlers; Diverse population; lacked major port so less profitable; Became royal colony • PA: Established under Quaker ideals; Welcomed diverse immigrants; Constitution; elected legislature • Delaware: lower part of VA; settled by Swedes; Allowed to function as separate colony

39. Southern Colonies • Essential Question • How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?

40. Establishing Maryland Sir George Calavert, Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics King Charles I gave him a proprietary colony north of Virginia Calavert dies, his son Cecilius inherits the colony and sends his two brothers to Maryland in 1634

41. Enslaved People in the Colonies Maryland Cecilius gave large estates to English aristocrats As the number of plantations grew, more workers were needed The colony imported indentured servants and enslaved Africans Enslaved people in the Colonies

42. Bacon’s Rebellion • While other colonies were being founded, Virginia continued to grow • Settlers moved west and settled Native American lands • 1640s – Virginia governor, William Berkley made a pledge with the Native Americans to avoid conflict • Native Americans gave Berkley large piece of land • Berkley would keep settlers from pushing farther into their territory • Showed that settlers would not be limited to the coast.

43. Bacon’s Rebellion Bacons army marches to Jamestown and drives Berkley into exile 1676: Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter in western Virginia, led attacks on Native American villages 1640s: Berkley makes pledge with Native Americans to avoid conflict England recalled Berkley and sent troops to Virginia to restore order October 1676: Bacon dies suddenly Some western Virginians resent Berkley’s agreement to stay out.

44. The Carolinas and Georgia In 1633, King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina. The king gave the colony to eight nobles who had helped him regain his throne. The proprietors set up estates and sold or rented land to settlers brought from England.

45. Northern Carolina Grew tobacco, sold timber and tar Lacked a good harbor Used Virginia’s ports to conduct trade

46. Southern Carolina Fertile farmland Harbor at Charles Town (Charleston) Trade in deerskin, lumber and beef thrived

47. Northern and Southern Carolina • Two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture • Rice • Indigo • 1719 – Settlers in Southern Carolina seized control from its proprietors • 1729 – Carolina became two royal colonies – North and South Carolina

48. Georgia Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe Intended as a colony where debtors or poor people could make a fresh start Also set up as a barrier to Spanish Florida Settled by hundreds of poor British, religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews Oglethorpe give colony to king in 1751

49. Making Connections • Who was John Locke and what did he do for Carolina? • English philosopher who wrote Carolina’s constitution • Why did demand for enslaved workers increase in the Southern colonies? • The number of plantations increased as more settlers arrived, increasing the need for a cheap source of permanent labor

50. Answer the Essential Question • How and why did the Southern colonies grow? • Use chart in notes