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Royal Power and Conflict

Explore the rise of absolute monarchies in Europe with a focus on Philip II of Spain and the Tudor monarchs of England. Discover the political, religious, and social policies that shaped their reigns and the conflicts they faced.

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Royal Power and Conflict

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  1. Royal Power and Conflict • City-states were replaced with nations • Most rulers ruled under an absolutist government • Group or individual ruling has total power • Divine Right • They were selected to rule from God • Centralized rule helped unify people

  2. Spain: Philip II • Ruled from 1556–1598 • Goal was to spread Catholicism • Got Spain involved in several wars • Unrest • Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain • Failed to unify laws • Philip II made Madrid the capital • Religious Policy • Supported inquisition • Dutch Protestants rebelled • England helped them win independence

  3. Spain: Philip II • Spanish Armada • Phillip supported Elizabeth I until she aided the Dutch • Decided to invade England • 1588 sent Armada to England • England sunk the Armada • Last of the Hapsburgs • Philip II’s decedents were ill-equipped to handle problems

  4. England: Tudors • Henry VII – fist Tudor king • Rebuilt English commercial prosperity • Henry VIII • Fought wars, made England a great naval power • Had six marriages • Edward VI • 9 when he became king, and he died shortly • Mary I • Became queen, brought back Catholicism

  5. England: Elizabeth I • Her reign was a great cultural period • Theater flourished • Refused to marry • Didn’t want to give up her powers • Government • Passed legislation • Justices of the Peace enforced the laws

  6. England: Elizabeth I • Social and Economic Policy • Three classes • Queen and her court • Gentry, merchants, lawyers, and clergy • Yeomen • Laws regulated the lives of people • Elizabeth tried to get the monarchy out of debt • Costs of war, mounting inflation

  7. England: Elizabeth I • Foreign Policy • Continued to build a strong navy • Fought to maintain a balance of power • Keep any one nation from becoming too powerful • Sought to make Scotland and Ireland an ally • So they could not ally with the Spanish

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