1 / 9

Genetic Mutations

Genetic Mutations. Mutation – A change in the DNA of an organism. Can be inherited or passed from the parent or parents to the offspring Can be acquired exposure to radiation, chemicals or some viruses Mistake that occurs when DNA is being copied.

danyl
Download Presentation

Genetic Mutations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetic Mutations

  2. Mutation – A change in the DNA of an • organism. • Can be inherited or passed from the • parent or parents to the offspring • Can be acquired • exposure to radiation, chemicals • or some viruses • Mistake that occurs when DNA is • being copied

  3. Gene Mutations • 2 main types • Point Mutations – changes in • one nucleotide or a few • nucleotides. • 3 basic types

  4. THECATSAWTHEDOG THE CAT SAW THE DOG Sentence = gene Word = codon Letter = nucleotide

  5. Substitution – one nucleotide is • changed. • Silent or Same-Sense – the mutation • does not change the protein product • THE CAT SaW THE DOG • Missense – the mutation causes a • change in the protein product • THE CAT SAW THE HOG • THE CAT SAT THE DOG • Nonsense – the change causes a misplaced • stop codon to shorten the protein product • THE CAT

  6. Insertion – A nucleotide or • nucleotides is inserted into the gene. • THE CAT SAW XFY THE DOG • Deletion – A nucleotide or nucleotides is left out of the gene. • THE SAW THE DOG

  7. Frameshift Mutations - changes in the DNA that alter the message and shift the reading frame. • *The reading frame is the order of the codons • Insertion – extra nucleotide(s) shift • the reading frame. • THE DCA TSA WTH EDO G • Deletion - missing nucleotide(s) shift • the reading frame. • THE CAT SWT HED OG

  8. Chromosome Mutations • Changes in the number and structure of the entire chromosome. • Original chromosome ABC*DEF • DeletionAB*DEF • Duplication ABBC*DEF • Inversion AED*CBF • Translocation ABC*JKL Lethal mutation – results in the death of the organism.

  9. Results of Mutations • Many are neutral • Eye color • Birth marks • Some are harmful • Down Syndrome • Sickle Cell Anemia • Some are helpful • HIV Immunity • Peppered Moths

More Related