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Genetic Mutations Genetic Expression & Engineering

BI. 4c Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene, or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein.

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Genetic Mutations Genetic Expression & Engineering

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  1. BI. 4cStudents know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene, or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein. BI.4.dStudents know specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences of the genes themselves. BI 5c Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products. Genetic MutationsGenetic Expression & Engineering

  2. What kind of information does DNA have?

  3. How?-through Protein synthesis! Transcription (nucleolus) Translation (ribosomes)

  4. One gene for one organism All types of cells in a person’s body carry the same DNA .

  5. What is genetic expression? Genes are expressed/transcribed when the cell needs it. Each cell expresses different parts of the DNA.

  6. Let’s take a moment to look at these words. With your elbow partner, come up with two new words by changing one letter from the previous word.

  7. This change also happens in DNA.

  8. What is a genetic mutation?

  9. Mutations • Point mutations • single nitrogen base change • silent mutation • no amino acid change • redundancy in code • missense • change amino acid • nonsense • change to stop codon

  10. Sickle Cell Anemia Complete the video guide while watching • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CsgXHdWqVs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UpwV1tdxcs

  11. Only one nucleotide change causes Sickle cell anemia ! What kind of mutation? Missense!

  12. Mutations • Frameshift • shift in the reading frame • changes everything “downstream” • insertions • adding base(s) • deletions • losing base(s) Where would this mutation cause the most change:beginning or end of gene?

  13. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxhQAQYgrKY&NR=1

  14. Are mutations passed on to children? • Gametes/sex cell mutations Yes Ex. Changes in egg and sperm cell genes due to chemicals • Somatic/body cell mutations No Ex. Scars on your mother’s hand as a result of an accident

  15. Changing genes artificially!

  16. A Brave New World

  17. Biotechnology cut DNA with restriction enzymes • Plasmids used to insert new genes into bacteria gene we want like what? …insulin …Human Growth Hormone …healthy genes cut plasmid DNA Cut DNA? DNA scissors? insert “gene we want” into plasmid...“glue” together with ligase recombinant plasmid

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