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INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION

INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION. # 4. What you need to know. Meaning of self-efficacy Individual approaches to promoting physical activity Theoretical models (Stages of Change) Print and web-based media Counselling. Self-Efficacy. Feelings of self-value or self-worth

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INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION

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  1. INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION # 4

  2. What you need to know • Meaning of self-efficacy • Individual approaches to promoting physical activity • Theoretical models (Stages of Change) • Print and web-based media • Counselling

  3. Self-Efficacy • Feelings of self-value or self-worth • Eg: C__________ in your ability to engage in healthy behaviours across a range of challenging situations • Self-efficacy increases as you move through the stages of change • Active people generally = _______ self-efficacy

  4. Promoting Physical Activity • Two main categories of physical activity promotion • Individual approaches • Strategies to achieve individual ___________ change • Most research has focused on changing individual behaviours • Eg: theoretical models of individual behaviour change, print and web-based approaches, counselling • Population approaches • Strategies to achieve changes in _____ populations • Came about due to Ottawa Charter in 1986 • Important to target large groups of people for health benefits • Eg: policy, environmental, mass media

  5. Individual Theoretical models (eg: Stages of Change) Print and web-based media Counselling Population Policy strategies Environmental strategies Mass media Individual v. Population Approaches Let’s focus on individual approaches to physical activity promotion…

  6. Individual Approaches to Physical Activity Promotion • Many health professionals, health educators, medical practitioners and psychologists focus on changing individuals’ behaviours • Eg: • Three main approaches • Stages of Change theory • Print and web-based media • Counselling

  7. Also known as transtheoretical model Stages of Change Model • Describes fundamental processes that an individual goes through to ________ their health behaviours • Provides a framework that classifies motivational readiness for behaviour change • Six stages • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance • Termination

  8. Stage 1: PrecontemplationNot ready for change! • Not considering __________ their __________ • Have no intention of being more active within the next _____ months • Most difficult group • Possible Signs • Not aware their lack of activity is a ________ • _______ information and opportunities that could help them start thinking about being more active • Family and friends are the people to point out lack of activity and pressure them to start

  9. Stage 2: ContemplationThinking about change • Individuals ______________ that they need to become more active • Physical activity is considered • Weigh-up pros and cons • Eg: • Intention is to become active, but many people remain in this stage for long periods of time

  10. Stage 3: PreparationPreparing for action • People appear to be _______ and __________ for activity • A plan is often developed • Possible signs • Writing down goals • Small amounts of activity, but may not be meeting NPAG • Eg: 2 physical activity sessions per week

  11. Stage 4: ActionCarrying out the plan • Implementing the _______ • Large amount of effort, time and energy required • Attempting to follow NPAG • Important to focus on goals • Relapse is common

  12. Stage 5: MaintenanceMaintaining a good thing! • Person is __________ active as part of their lifestyle • Has been meeting NPAG for at least _____ months • Continually strives to overcome barriers to avoid moving back to other stages • Setting new _______ is important

  13. Stage 6: TerminationMaintaining regular activity for more than 5 years • Person has been regularly active for over _____ years • It is a part of their everyday lifestyle • Setting new goals and rewarding yourself are important • Permanent behaviour change has occurred • Very few people reach this stage

  14. Relapse • Moving back to another stage is common problem • Relapse is not failure and occurs most often between stage 2 and 4 • People that reach maintenance generally only relapse to the preparation stage

  15. Print and Web-Based Media • Print materials • Booklets, brochures, handouts • Available from: • Community-based recreational centres • Health care providers • Schools and workplaces • Advantages: • Disadvantages: • Web-based media • Internet, email • Advantages: • Disadvantages:

  16. Counselling • Health professional counselling • Doctors, personal trainers, physiotherapist, etc • Very effective • Written advice, activity calendars, exercises, DVDs • Advantages: • Disadvantages: • Telephone counselling and automated telephone-delivered advice • Follow-up from visit or on its own • Recorded messages and use of key pad to enter information • Advantages: • Disadvantages:

  17. Strategies used in Counselling(using the Stages of Change model) • Nelson notes (p.43-49) • Coursework 2.1

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