Name that Civilization!

1. Name that Civilization!

2. This civilization developed in and around what is Veracruz, Mexico? • A: Olmec • This civilization was invaded many times due to their geographic location and great soil. • A: Mesopotamia • This civ did not depend on grain-based agriculture. • A: Norte Chico • Where was the Norte Chico civ? • A: Peru

3. Approximately when did the first civilizations begin to develop? • A: 3,500 BCE • Which civ had the following: 25 urban centers based on fishing, little rainfall, mound buildings • A: Norte Chico (Peru) • What was a necessary precursor to the development of civilization? • A: the surplus and population growth from the Agricultural Revolution

4. All of the following describe which civ: larger than Egypt and Mesopotamia, little evidence of social hierarchy • A: Indus • Which two modern-day countries make up where the Indus Civ existed? • A: Pakistan and India • Name two crops that the Olmec people depended on? • A: beans, squash, maize • How did the mud bricks of Indus lead to environmental problems? • A: They cut down too many trees for firewood to bake the bricks

5. Give a specific example of a 1st civ monument/structure that displays social hierarchy. • A: possible: Olmec colossal heads, pyramids, mound buildings, lavish tombs of Chinese state • Cite two examples of Indus culture that continued on after their collapse. • A: yoga, ritual burning, ceremonial bathing, clothing/jewelry styles • Of the 1st civilizations, which three were the earliest? • A: Sumer (Meso), Egypt, and Norte Chico

6. What is this? • A: Quipu. 5,000 year old knotted strings found in Norte Chico used for record keeping (is this writing?) • What evidence is there that the people of Norte Chico were involved in trade with local peoples? • A: cotton for their fishing nets, along with squash & beans

7. Below in an Oracle Bone. Which 1st civ created these and why?

8. What is the most striking difference between the 1st civ in ancient China and the 1st civ in Indus? • A: In Indus there’s no indication of a strong state; whereas in China a large centralized state was very important • Who made up the majority of the population in the 1stcivs? • A: free commoners • Who made up the slave population in the 1stcivs? (name 2 groups) • A: POWS, debtors, criminals

9. How was 1st civ slavery very different than slavery in U.S. history? (give two examples) • A: slavery in the first civs was not race based and slaves were not primarily working in farming • What is the difference between sex and gender? • A: sex is biological, gender has to do with the cultural meanings associated with sex (norms, expectations) • Historians have put forth 3 possible reasons for the origin of patriarchy. Explain one. • A: possible: a) intensive agricultureb) warfare & prof armies c) private property & inheritance

10. Give two examples of how life for women was different in Mesopotamia than in Egypt. • A: In Egypt Women were recognized as equal to men, they could own property, they could sell land as well as initiate divorce; some women were rulers. These examples were not true in Mesoand in Meso some women were forced to stay veiled outside but mostly remained indoors • Who was equally as important as the state/government in most early civs? • A: the temple/church

11. How did societal violence change from Paleolithic times to the 1stcivs? • A: state violence (war/punishment) surpasses interpersonal violence (homicide higher in Paleolithic times)…why? • How did writing support the state authority? • A: Taxes made up a lot of early writing. Special powers and elite status associated with writing. Propaganda also used.