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Manifest Destiny. Map of United States Circa 1830. American Progress – Manifest Destiny. If the painting is about Manifest Destiny – What is Manifest Destiny?. American Progress.
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Manifest Destiny • Map of United States Circa 1830
American Progress – Manifest Destiny • If the painting is about Manifest Destiny – What is Manifest Destiny?
American Progress • This painting (circa 1872) by John Gast called American Progress, is an allegorical representation of Manifest Destiny. Here Columbia, intended as a personification of the United States, leads civilization westward with American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as she travels; she holds a school book. The different economic activities of the pioneers are highlighted and, especially, the changing forms of transportation. The Native Americans and wild animals flee.
MANIFEST DESTINY • First used by John O’Sullivan, a newspaper editor, in 1845 • It was the idea that Americans were destinedto extend across the continent – from sea to shining sea
Understanding Manifest Destiny • "(It is) ..our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty" • -John O'Sullivan • Democrat • Editor of 'The Morning Post‘ – 1840’s
Manifest Destiny in 1840s America • Once the concept had been given the name 'Manifest Destiny' it became widely used, appearing in newspapers, debates, paintings and advertisements. It became the leading light for westward expansion
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 1 – Original 13 States • 1
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 2 – Treaty of Paris 1783
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 3 – Louisiana Purchase 1803
Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million • Control of New Orleans = Control of Mississippi River • It DOUBLED the size of the U.S. • Explored by Lewis & Clark with Sacajawea
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 4 – British Cession 1818
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 5 – Spanish Cession 1819
Thinking Question?? • Why weren’t Americans happy with the size of their country at this point in their history?
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 6 – Texas 1845
Step 2 – Treaty of Paris 1783 Texas Independence (1836-1845)
The Lone Star Republic • Texas wins independence on April 21, 1836 • Not allowed to immediately join the U.S. (was a slave state) • Was the Lone Star Republic for 9 years • Joined the U.S. as the 28th state in 1845
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 7 – Oregon Country 1846
Oregon Country • England and the U.S. shared the entire territory • “Mountain Men” lived there • They hunted and sold beaver pelts and animal skins for lots of $$$ • Eventually there were no beavers left and the mountain men became farmers or guides
Why did the U.S. want Oregon? • Settlers began to head there in the 1830s • Fertile land • New opportunities
The Oregon Trail • Oregon feverbegan in the 1840s • Mississippi valley people began to form societies to discusstrips to Oregon • Great Migration – emigrants left U.S. to go to Oregon, usually in covered wagon trains
Oregon Population Growth • 1840 – only 500Americans • 1845 – 5,000 Americans (but only 700 British) • Americans thought the U.S. should own all of Oregon because it had more people living there • “Fifty-four, forty, or fight!” became the war cry • Compromise – placed boundary between U.S. and British territory at the 49th parallel
Oregon Country • What We Wanted • What We Got
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 8 – Mexican Cession 1848
The Mexican War (1846-1848)
Causes of the Mexican War • Manifest Destiny • Texas Annexation by the United States • Boundary dispute between Mexico and the U.S. over the boundary of Texas
Rio Grande boundary Nueces River boundary
Support of the War • For many Americans the war led to greater national pride • Many people who supported the war believed it would spread republican values • Many southernerssupported the war, thinking any territory won would be organized into slave states
Opposition to the War • Many members of the Whig Party thought the conflict was unjustified • Northern abolitionists fearedany territory gained in the war might be organized into slave states • Illinois Congressman Abraham Lincoln wrote the “Spot Resolutions” in 1848– asking Polk to show the spot where American blood had been shed on American soil
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo1848 • Mexico loses– gives up HUGE territory Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator
Treaty Provisions • Mexico gave up claims to Texasand accepted Rio Grande as US/Mexico border • Mexico gave the U.S. Californiaand New Mexico Territory – this meant we gained all the area we know today as Utah, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona! • U.S. agreed to pay $15 million to Mexico and pay debts of Mexico to U.S. citizens
Effects of Mexican-American War • U.S. gains controlof greater southwest • Opens southwestup to settlement • Allows for greater debateover the expansion of slavery (would it be allowed in the new territory?)
U.S. Territorial Expansion • Step 9 – Gadsden Purchase 1853
Westward Expansion Complete!!! 7 British Cession 4 3 8 2 1 1776 Treaty of Paris 6 9 Spanish Cession 5
Large Groups Head West
California Gold Rush 1849
How did it start? • James Marshall was building a sawmill for John Sutter • Saw something shiny • Small shiny things • GOLD!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Tried to keep the secret (like that’s gonna happen!)
Gold at Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter
’49ers • Gold seekers began arriving in California in 1849 • Wanted to get rich quick • They were farmers, lawyers, priests, doctors, etc. • Americans were 80% of 49ers • People came from all over the world!
California Gold Rush, 1849 • Boomtowns – gold communities • California Gold Rush doubled world’s supply of gold • But – few miners ever got rich!!! • Merchants made huge profits – eggs $10/dozen • Levi Strauss started his business of making blue jeans!
California becomes a state • Applied for statehood in 1850 • Easily had 60,000 to qualify (remember the Northwest Ordinance!)
