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Unit 43

Unit 43. Nervous System. Objectives. Spell and define terms. State the location and functions of the organs of the nervous system. List five diagnostic tests used to determine conditions of the nervous system. Objectives. Describe fifteen common conditions of the nervous system.

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Unit 43

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  1. Unit 43 Nervous System

  2. Objectives • Spell and define terms. • State the location and functions of the organs of the nervous system. • List five diagnostic tests used to determine conditions of the nervous system.

  3. Objectives • Describe fifteen common conditions of the nervous system. • Describe nursing assistant actions related to the care of patients with conditions of the nervous system.

  4. Objectives • Explain the proper care, handling, and insertion of an artificial eye. • Explain the proper care, handling, and insertion of a hearing aid.

  5. Structure and Function • Nervous system • Controls and coordinates all body activities, including the production of hormones • Special parts of the nervous system • Concerned with maintaining normal day-to-day functions

  6. Structure and Function • Other parts act during emergency situations • Still others control voluntary activities

  7. Structure and Function • Neurological conditions require highly specialized nursing care • You will assist with the less technical aspects of this care

  8. Common Conditions • Nervous system usually remains healthy • Injury or disease to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves requires appropriate treatment

  9. Cerebrovascular Accident • Cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke) • Occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted • Usually as a result of a blood clot blocking a vessel • Rupture of a blood vessel • Spilling blood into the brain

  10. Cerebrovascular Accident • Hemiparesis (weakness) • Hemiplegia (paralysis) • Develop on the opposite side from the area of the brain where the stroke occurred

  11. Cerebrovascular Accident • You will notice a difference when comparing both sides of the body • From head to foot • Refer to Figure 43 - 12A and Figure 43-12B

  12. Cerebrovascular Accident

  13. Cerebrovascular Accident • Cerebrovascular accident • Leading cause of disability in the U.S. • Getting rapid treatment is essential • This prevents further damage to the brain

  14. Cerebrovascular Accident • About 80 percent of strokes are ischemic • A clot blocks a blood vessel • About 15 percent are bleeding (hemorrhagic) • A vessel ruptures

  15. Transient Ischemic Attack • A transient ischemic attack (TIA) • Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain • Usually lasts 2 to 15 minutes • May last as long as 24 hours

  16. Transient Ischemic Attack • Signs and symptoms are similar to those of strokes • Patient usually makes a complete recovery • Patient is at risk for stroke in the future • ABCD Stroke Scale helps predict stroke risk

  17. ABCD Stroke Scale

  18. ABCD Stroke Scale

  19. ABCD Stroke Scale • Risk of stroke within seven days of a TIA: Score Risk 1-3 0.0% 4 1.1% 5 12.1% 6 31.4% (Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, et al. A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack. Lancet. 2005;366:29‑36.)

  20. Paralysis • Many neurologic conditions cause paralysis • Usually caused by a spinal cord injury in which sensation and function are lost or impaired below the level of injury.

  21. Paralysis • Lesion • Alteration or change in tissue • Damage to the spinal cord

  22. Paralysis • Terms used to describe paralysis are: • Diplegia • Paralysis affecting the same region on both sides of the body (such as both arms) • Hemiplegia • Paralysis on one entire side of the body (such as the arm and leg)

  23. Paralysis • Terms used to describe paralysis are: • Monoplegia • Paralysis affecting one limb only • Paraplegia • Paralysis of the trunk (usually below the waist) and both legs

  24. Paralysis • Terms used to describe paralysis are: • Quadriplegia • Paralysis of the trunk (usually below the neck), both arms, and both legs • Tetraplegia • Another term for quadriplegia • Use of this word is encouraged, instead of using quadriplegia

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