Direct and Indirect Speech

Discovering useful structures Direct and Indirect Speech

When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to changepronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning. Direct indirect Present past Past past and past perfect Present perfect past perfect Past perfect past perfect

直接引语 间接引语指示代词 this, these that, those now, today then, that day this week that week yesterday the day before 时间状语 last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day next month the next month 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come, bring go, take

在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化 1. 注意时态的变化 2. 注意人称变化。 3. 注意指示代词的变化 4. 注意时间的变化 5. 注意地点的变化 6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化

Exercises: 1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work. 2.He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May. Tom said that he would see me the next week.

4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me. The teacher asked me why I was late again. Sarah said she didn’t like swimming. His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?” My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.

He said, “The earth goes around the sun.” • 2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.” • 3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.” • 4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.” • 5.She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” Try to change direct speech into indirect speech : He said that the earth goes around the sun. He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m. He said that Rome isn’t built in a day. Tom said he was born in July, 1978. She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

1.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。1.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 直接引语如果是客观真理，时态不变 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:

1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day Exercises(8m)

2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now

3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week

4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that __ take it back ____. A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day

5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that

6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago

7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time

8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your

9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here

10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise

Direct and Indirect Speech