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CCHEA Creation Seminar 01/17/08

CCHEA Creation Seminar 01/17/08. Presented by David A. Prentice, M.Ed., M.A.S.T. www.originsresource.org prentice@instruction.com Background graphic courtesy of Mike Riddle, Answers in Genesis Contains photos taken by the author at various locations, and other pictures as noted. PART 4:.

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CCHEA Creation Seminar 01/17/08

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  1. CCHEA Creation Seminar 01/17/08 Presented by David A. Prentice, M.Ed., M.A.S.T. www.originsresource.org prentice@instruction.com Background graphic courtesy of Mike Riddle, Answers in Genesis Contains photos taken by the author at various locations, and other pictures as noted

  2. PART 4: DINOSAURS AND THE GOSPEL

  3. ? ? ? WHAT IN THE WORLD DO DINOSAURS HAVE TO DO WITH THE GOSPEL? ? ? ?

  4. THE CLEAREST STATEMENT OF THE GOSPEL: Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand; By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain. For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures: And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve: After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep. After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles. And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time. (1 Cor. 15:1-8)

  5. Paul’s Defense of The Gospel (1 Cor. 15) Some denied the Future resurrection (v. 12) - the Promiseof the Gospel. Paul’s reply (v. 17-19) - this removes our Present hope - the Powerof the Gospel. Paul’s explanation for why Jesus had to die (v. 21-22, 45): The fall of Adam in the Past shows thePurposeof the Gospel. Forsince by man came death,by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. (v. 21-22) And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. (v. 45) If death was here before man sinned, then Adam was a myth. If theFirst Adam was a myth, then what do you need aLastAdam for?Jesus died because of something that never happened!

  6. NO DEATH BEFORE ADAM Gen. 1:29-30 - And God said, Behold, I have givenyouevery herb bearing seed, which [is] upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which [is] the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to everybeastof the earth, and to everyfowlof the air, and toevery thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein [there is] life, [I have given] every green herb for meat: and it was so. Gen. 3:17 - And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it:cursed [is] the groundfor thy sake... Rom. 8:19-22 - For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God. For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected [the same] in hope, Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. For we know that thewhole creationgroaneth and travaileth in pain together until now.

  7. NO DEATH BEFORE ADAM Isa. 11:6-8 - The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den. Rom. 5:12-15 - Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned... Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come... For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, [which is] by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many. 1 Cor. 15:21-22, 45 - For since by man [came] death, by man [came] also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam [was made] a quickening spirit.

  8. AN ATHEIST ON THE MEANING OF EVOLUTION Christianity has fought evolution because...evolution destroys utterly and finally the very reason Jesus’ earthly life was supposedly made necessary.Destroy Adam and Eve and the original sin, and in the rubble you will find the sorry remains of the son of god. (sic) ...It becomes clear now that thewhole justificationof Jesus’ life and death is predicated on the existence of Adam and the forbidden fruit he and Eve ate. Without the original sin, who needs to be redeemed? Without Adam’s fall into a life of constant sin terminated by death, what purpose is there to Christianity?None. G. Richard Bozarth, “The Meaning of Evolution,” The American Atheist, Sept. 1978, p. 30

  9. ? ? WHAT IN THE WORLD DO DINOSAURS HAVE TO DO WITH THE GOSPEL? ? ? If they were dying millions of years before humans arrived, then the first Adam did NOT bring death into the world and the Last Adam died because of something that never happened!

  10. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO “KNOW” SOMETHING? 1. Personal Experience through the five senses. I know a bee sting hurts; I know how to ride a bike. 2. Reliance on Authority. I know the sun is 93 million miles away; Jesus loves me, this I know, for the Bible tells me so. 3. Logic. I know 2 million + 2 million = 4 million, even though I’ve never counted that high. I know I have a brain, even though I’ve never seen it. 4. Feeling or Intuition. I know she’s the one for me; I know God has called me to the ministry. 6. Bluffing (lying) - you try to persuade others for an ulterior motive. You should buy these tickets from me because I know this team is going to the Super Bowl this year; I know evolution is a fact! 5. Wishful Thinking (you really want it to be true) I just know I’m going to win the lottery!

  11. THE PREHISTORIC PAST: 1. No living person haspersonal experience. 2. There are no eyewitness accounts except theBible, which is unacceptable to skeptics. SO HOW DO WE “KNOW” ABOUT THE BEGINNING? ThroughLOGIC ONLY.

  12. What do we know about DINOSAURS? What were they? How long ago did they live? Where did they come from ? How did they die? Are any still alive today?

  13. Both sides look at the same fossil evidence… - We just interpret it differently.

  14. BASIC PREMISES OF EVOLUTION AND CREATION EVOLUTION: CREATION: 1. A supernatural intelligence created the universe. Though most things are explainable by natual processes,some things may not be. 1. Everythingmust beexplainable by purely natural processes. a. Atheistic evolution: There is no God. b. Theistic evolution: There is a God, but he does not intervene in nature. 2. Since there could be no other natural processes besides evolution, evolution is theonly possibility. 2. God is powerful enough to useany method he chooses, including instantaneous creation. 3. Since evolution has never been seen in human history, it must be very slow. The universe and earthhave tobe billions of years old. 3. Creation does not automatically require a specific age. a. Recent Creation: The earth is prob- ably less than 10,000 years old. b. Gap Theory & Progressive Creation: Because evolutionists must know what they are talking about, the earth has to bebillions of years old. LIKE THE POSTULATES OF GEOMETRY, NEITHER SET OF PREMISES CAN BE PROVEN. THEY MUST BE ACCEPTED BY FAITH AS SELF-EVIDENT.

  15. BASIC PREMISES OF EVOLUTION AND CREATION EVOLUTION: CREATION: 4. The Flood. a. Recent Creation:Oneworldwide flood. b. Gap Theory: Twoworldwide floods. c. Progressive Creation: Noworldwide flood. 4. Because a worldwide flood would cut billions of years off the time needed to produce the fossil record, there can never have been a worldwide flood. LIKE THE POSTULATES OF GEOMETRY, NEITHER SET OF PREMISES CAN BE PROVEN. THEY MUST BE ACCEPTED BY FAITH AS SELF-EVIDENT.

  16. The Geologic (Evolutionary) Time Scale ERA PERIOD EPOCH Approx. Beginning (Years Ago) Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene (Recent) 10,000 Pleistocene 1.8 million Tertiary Pliocene 5.3 million Miocene 23.8 million Oligocene 33.7 million Eocene 54.8 million Paleocene 65 million Mesozoic Cretaceous 144 million Jurassic 206 million Triassic 248 million Paleozoic Permian 290 million Pennsylvanian 323 million } CARBON- Mississippian 354 million } IFEROUS Devonian 417 million Silurian 443 million Ordovician 490 million Cambrian 543 million Archaeozoic Precambrian 4.5 billion (incl. Ediacaran or Vendian, 650 million) Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology

  17. WHAT WERE DINOSAURS? Scientists classify animals and plants according to the system shown below. While there are differences between types of reptiles, their bones are easy to identify as reptilian because all of them have asimilar jaw structure. The Biological Classification System Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Reptiles belong to Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Vertebrata), and Class Reptilia. Dinosaurs and other extinct reptiles comprised several orders, as shown on the next page.

  18. All Known Reptiles Have Certain Features in Common: 1. Jaw structure. 2. Scales. 3. Cold-blooded (match the temperature of their surroundings). 4. Babies are hatched/born as miniature versions of adults. They can immediately start to eat what adults do. 5. Reptiles grow as long as they live, as long as they can move around to get enough food. Also, most reptiles lay eggs, though some (e.g., ichthyosaurs) give live birth.

  19. One of many ways to divide CLASS REPTILIA (Peter Uetz, 2002) SUBCLASS: ORDERS CONTAINED: ANAPSIDA LEPIDOSAURIA ARCHOSAURIA PARAPSIDA * ARAEOSCELIDA * EURYAPSIDA * SYNAPSIDA * Cotylosauria * - “stem reptiles” Chelonia or Testudinata - turtles Eosuchia * - obscure Permian reptiles, seemingly aquatic Rhynchocephalia – sphenodons (New Zealand lizards) Squamata – modern lizards/snakes, some extinct marine forms Thecodontia * - supposed ancestors of dinos & birds Crocodilia – crocs & gators Saurischia * - dinos w/ lizard-type pelvis Ornithischia * - dinos w/ bird-type pelvis Pterosauria * - flying reptiles Ichthyosauria * - fishlike marine reptiles Trilophosauria * - lizard-like Triassic reptiles Weigeltisauria * - obscure Protorosauria * - obscure lizard-like Permian reptiles Sauropterygia * - marine reptiles w/ paddle-like limbs (plesiosaurs) Pelycosauria * - “mammal-like” reptiles Therapsida * - “advanced” reptiles Mesosauria * - Permian reptile, thought to be aquatic * Forms believed to be extinct

  20. A Major Difference Between Living and Extinct Reptiles: In living reptiles (except snakes), the legs are positioned to the side of the body so that the animal rests on its stomach when not moving. This limits the maximum size, because eventually the animal would become too big to move. Dinosaurs and “mammal-like” reptiles had legs directly under the body. This meant they could grow to enormous sizes. Bradysaurus – Permian “mammal-like” reptile Stegosaurus Edmontosaurus T. rex

  21. FLYING REPTILES Flying reptiles were not dinosaurs, though they are supposed to have died out at the same time. The first ones appear in the fossil record suddenly and fully formed, with no known ancestry. Flying reptiles belonged to Order Pterosauria, which is divided into two suborders. Pterodactyloids (12 known fami-lies, Jurassic and Creta-ceous), sup-posed to be descendants of rhamphorynch-oids, had short tails. Rhampho-rynchoids (four known families, found in Triassic and Jurassic rocks) had long tails. Image from Wiki- pedia Commons Denver Museum

  22. MARINE REPTILES Marine reptiles were also not dinosaurs. They, too, appear in the fossil record suddenly and fully formed, with no known ancestry. Order Saurop- terygia / Plesio- sauria (Jurassic & Cretaceous) had fat bodies, short tails, and paddle-shaped limbs – like the way we imagine the Loch Ness Monster. Order Ichthyosauria (Triassic through Cretaceous) included very fishlike forms. No one believes they were a transition from fish to rep- tile; instead, their ancestors supposedly evolved out of the sea onto the land, then later the ich- thyosaurs evolved back into the sea. Elasmosaurus, a Cretaceous plesiosaur (cars evolved much later!) Ichthyosaur giving live birth Order Squamosa (Mosasaurs) were long and snakelike, with webbed feet. They ranged from about 10 – 50 feet long. photos taken at Denver Museum Platycarpus, a Cretaceous mosasaur

  23. The Two Orders of Dinosaurs There are about eighteen living or extinct orders of reptiles. Only two of these orders, Saurischia and Ornithischia, were dinosaurs. It is easy to tell the differ-ence between the two orders, because all mem-bers of Order Ornithischia had a “bird-type” pelvis as shown at left while all mem-bers of Order Saurischia had a “lizard-type” pelvis as shown at right. Ornithischian pelvis Saurischian pelvis Drawings by O. C. Marsh, 1896 Left: fragments of the pelvis of the ornithischian dinosaur Edmontosaurus being exca-vated by the author in Wyo-ming, 2008. Right: complete Edmontosaurus skeleton (Denver Museum of Natural History, 2008). Note the ornithischian pelvis.

  24. DINOSAUR SIZE RANGE A few types of dinosaurs grew to enormous sizes. Apatosaurus compared to human (scale in feet) Others never grew much bigger than a chicken! Compsognathus compared to human Even large dinosaurs had small eggs. Shown is a T. rex egg -- about the size of a football.

  25. WHAT TV AND TEXTBOOKS SHOW US...

  26. WHAT WE ACTUALLY FIND: a bunch of jumbled up bone fragments That we put together and make up stories about! IF YOU CAN’T OBSERVE, IT’S NOT SCIENCE -- IT’S STORYTELLING!

  27. The Geologic Time Scale ERA PERIOD EPOCH Approx. Beginning (Years Ago) Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene (Recent) 10,000 Pleistocene 1.8 million Tertiary Pliocene 5.3 million Miocene 23.8 million Oligocene 33.7 million Eocene 54.8 million Paleocene 65 million Mesozoic Cretaceous 144 million Jurassic 206 million Triassic 248 million Paleozoic Permian 290 million Pennsylvanian 323 million } CARBON- Mississippian 354 million } IFEROUS Devonian 417 million Silurian 443 million Ordovician 490 million Cambrian 543 million Archaeozoic Precambrian 4.5 billion (incl. Ediacaran or Vendian, 650 million) Source: Univ. of Calif. Museum of Paleontology

  28. IN WHICH LAYERS ARE DINOSAURS FOUND? Most strata are subdivided into lower, middle, and upper. • The lowest layer containing dinosaurs is the Upper Triassic. • There are also distinct dinosaur suites in Lower, Middle, and Upper Jurassic. • The majority of dinosaur types occur in Lower, Middle, and Upper Cretaceous. There is occasional overlapping where a type occurs in two or three adjacent layers, but we could conclude that dinosaurs lived in seven different ecological communities.

  29. HOW MANY TYPES OF DINOSAURS WERE THERE? • Whoever discovers the first fossil of an extinct creature gets to name it. However, discoveries are often fragmentary – a few teeth, some pieces of bone, etc. • A number of times, someone named what they thought was a new type, only to find later that it had already been named. Some of the multiple names are still around. • For instance, some believe that Tyrannosauruus, Tarbosaurus, and Albertosaurus are the same creature and that Nanotyrannus was just a juvenile Tyrannosaurus. The actual number of dinosaur types is probably far less than the number of names assigned.

  30. Why the Uncertainty in the Number of Extinct Types? To a biologist, a species is a group whose mem-bers cannot breed with any other group. However, it is impos-sible to do breeding experiments on extinct animals. Researchers have to simply guess whether they belong to different species, based on how different the specimens seem to be. If you had only bones to go by, would you guess that Andre the Giant (7 ft 4 in) and Verne Troyer (2 ft 8 in) were the same species? They are! Unless you were there, though, you might even think they belonged to different genera. Pictures from andrethegiant.com and rotttentomatoes.com There is no way to be sure whether differences in extinct creatures mean they belonged to different species, or just showed normal variation within the same species.

  31. HOW MANY TYPES OF DINOSAURS WERE THERE? Triassic: somewhere around 50 types have been named. Can we be sure there were 50 different genera, or could there have been variations within the Genesis “kinds”? Herrerasaurus – supposedly the oldest dinosaur known. It appears suddenly and fully formed, with nothing leading up to it. Turfanosaurus (China) Guaibasaurus

  32. JURASSIC DINOSAURS All the Jurassic dinosaurs appear suddenly and fully formed, with nothing leading up to them. Once they arrive, they don’t evolve. There are supposed to have been around 220 types of Jurassic dinosaurs: some Lower, some Middle, some Upper. This is an average of about 70 types in each biome. However, the actual number could have been less because of duplicate names. Big mistake in “Jurassic Park”: T. rex was a Creta-ceous dinosaur, not Jurassic. Above: Diloph-osaurus Right: Yangchu-anosaurus Sinraptor Kentrosaurus Dryosaurus

  33. CRETACEOUS DINOSAURS Like all the others, Creta-ceous dinosaurs appear suddenly and fully formed, with nothing leading up to them. Once they arrive, they don’t evolve. Over 500 types of dinosaurs have been named in Lower, Middle, and Upper Cre-taceous rocks. Taking into ac-count the pos-sibility of dupli-cate names, each of these fossil communities may have averaged a hundred or more types of dinosaur. Ankylosaurus Deinonychus Gallimimus Gigantosaurus Triceratops

  34. WHY WOULD ANYTHING EVOLVE? Every living thing gets its physical characteristics from the information in its DNA. Mutations are random copying mistakes during DNA reproduction. In order for anything to evolve, there would have to be a series of perhaps millions of beneficial mutations in DNA, building up generation after generation. Mutations would have to be the source of new structures (bones, eyes, wings, feathers, etc.) However, though some mutations benefit individuals, we have never seen asingle onethat helped the affected species, or that added any genetic information.

  35. MAJOR TYPES OF DINOSAURS: IMPORTANT TYPES OF ORNITHISCIANS: Ceratopsia - Long horns on the face (Triceratops, etc.) Armored dinosaurs (Ankyosaurus, etc.) Thick skulls (Pachycephalosaurus, etc.) Duck-billed dinosaurs (hadrosaurs, e.g., Edmontosaurus) IMPORTANT TYPES OF SAURISCIANS: Sauropods (“lizard-foot”) – largest plant eaters Theropods (“beast-foot”) – thought to eat meat. Included several groups: Carnosaurs, e.g., T. rex Coelosaurs – included “bird-mimics” Ceratosaurs – short horns on face, like a horned toad Birds are supposed to have evolved from some sort of theropod, though no one has a specific candidate.

  36. DINOSAURS: NOTHING TO DO WITH EVOLUTION Every single type of dinosaur appears in the fossil record suddenly and fully formed with all its identifying characteristics intact. The “last” representatives of each type are easily recognizable as the same type as the “first.” Evolution is nowhere to be seen.

  37. Were Dinosaurs Ferocious Hunters? The teeth of T. rex were up to about 7 inches long. Only about half of the tooth was embedded in the jaw. If it bit a large animal, there would be a great deal of leverage pull-ing against the roots of its teeth. A T. rex fool-ish enough to bite a large dinosaur that was trying to get away would probably have lost some teeth. If T. rex ate meat at all, it was probably small or dead animals.

  38. How Fast Could a T. rex Run? A 1991 analysis of T. rex leg bones in Scientific American shows that based on known bone measurements, a large T. rex could not have run faster than about 15 miles per hour without breaking its legs! Any time you take a step, you put a certain amount of impact on your leg bones. The heavier you are and the faster you move, the more the stress due to the impact.

  39. Are Birds Just Feathered Dinosaurs? Archaeopteryx - dated about 225 million years old. 1. It had a long bony tail. So do swans. 2. It had claws on its wings.So do the living ostrich, ho- atzin, and touraco. 3. It had teeth.So did two undispu- ted fossil birds, Hesperornis and Ichthyornis. 4. It had a shallow breastbone.So does the hoatzin. 5. It had hollow bones typical of all birds. 6. It had feathers typical of all birds. 7. Since its discov- ery, other true birds have been found in rocks dated even older. In addition, (1) Birds have tube-type lungs as compared to the sacs on mammals and reptiles; (2) They are warm-blooded; (3) They have a highly developed cerebellum and cerebral hemisphere to control fine motor activieties.

  40. The Pelvis: Major Diagnostic Feature of Dinosaurs Model of Struthio-mimus, a typical “bird-like” dinosaur that was very un-birdlike on the inside. (Utah State Museum, Vernal, Utah) Order Ornithischia (the other major type of dinosaur) had a “bird- type” pelvis with three protru- sions. Since this order is not considered to be the ancestor of birds, evolutionists believe the bird-type pelvis had to evolve independently two separate times -- once in Saurischia, and again in true birds. There is no explanation for how either group could have walked while their pelvis was mutating. All the dinosaurs that had a some- what birdlike ex- ternal appearance were very unbirdlike on the inside, with the typi- cal “lizard-type” pel- vis with four protru- sions characteristic of Order Saur- ischia.

  41. WHAT KILLED OFF THE DINOSAURS? EVOLUTION: Asteroid impact, or Volcanos, or Global cooling, or Extinction of plants that served as natural laxatives (death by constipation!), or Disease? CREATION: The Flood.

  42. Could Dinosaurs or Other Large Reptiles be Mentioned in the Bible? 15 Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. 16 Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. 17 He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. 18 His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron. 19 He is the chief of the ways of God: he that made him can make his sword to approach unto him. 20 Surely the mountains bring him forth food, where all the beasts of the field play. 21 He lieth under the shady trees, in the covert of the reed, and fens. 22 The shady trees cover him with their shadow; the willows of the brook compass him about. 23 Behold, he drinketh up a river, and hasteth not: he trusteth that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth. 24 He taketh it with his eyes: his nose pierceth through snares. Job 40:15-24 (KJV)

  43. BEHEMOTH WAS NO ELEPHANT. An elephant has a tail like a rope, not a cedar tree.

  44. Could Dinosaurs or Other Large Reptiles be Mentioned in the Bible? 1 Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down? 2 Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn? 3 Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee? 4 Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever? 5 Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens? 6 Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants? 7 Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears? 8 Lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more. 9 Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? 10 None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me? 15 His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. 16 One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. 17 They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered. 18 By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. 19 Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. 20 Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron. 21 His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. Job 41:1-10, 15-21 (KJV)

  45. Could Dinosaurs or Other Large Reptiles be Mentioned in the Bible? Nine times the Old Testament mentions the “Unicorn” (Hebrew re’ēm). When the Hebrew text was translated into the Greek Septuagint, the translators chose the Greek word “monocera,” meaning “one horn.” Here’s a one-horned creature! Monoclonius

  46. HAVE HUMANS EVER SEEN LIVING DINOSAURS? Most probably drowned in Noah’s Flood. However, there have been reports of “dragons” throughout recorded history. The Book of Job describes Behemoth and Leviathan; ancient Chinese, Roman, and Irish legends tell of dragons. There have also been reports of dinosaurs (Mokele M’bembe) in central Africa as recently as 2003, and flying reptiles around the world within the last 10 years! Want to see a picture of a dinosaur made by somebody that must have seen it?

  47. Dinosaurs were discovered in the 1800s. We recently concluded they had stripes and fat bodies and did not drag their tails. Photo by the author Mosaic floor at Zippori in North Israel – ca. 300 A.D. – an ana-tomically accurate striped, fat bodied reptile with its tail raised.

  48. Same mosaic floor in Zippori. What in the world is this creature? It has a crested head, and something coming out of its mouth. Could it be fire?

  49. HAVE HUMANS EVER BEEN WITH DINOSAURS? Paluxy River track on the “Taylor Trail” in Glenrose, Texas – courtesy of Don Patton

  50. HAVE HUMANS EVER SEEN LIVING DINOSAURS? Sculpture at a temple in the jungle of Thailand Desert carving in Arizona Carvings over a thousand years old in Mexico Pictures courtesy of Dr. Don Patton

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