Geography

1. Geography Team 1 Maddie Deyo, Melizza Balete, and Toni Spriggins

2. What is that?!?! • Geography: The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth What does that even mean?!?! • The relationship between people and Earth • The word geography comes from the Greek word geographiawhich means to describe earth 

3. O All those spheres O • Atmosphere- where all weather happens, wind and precipitation affect it • Biosphere- where all life exists, affected by all other spheres includes relationships between organisms • Hydrosphere- 70% of earth, all the water of Earth, gravity and weather affect it • Lithosphere- contains crust and upper mantle, plate tectonics, earthquakes and geothermal energy affect it

4. Temperature- The closer to the equator you are- the hotter it is… WHY!?! The sun’s rays are hitting earth more directly, because the equator is in the middle of earth Water cycle- the sun controls it by evaporation causing condensation and precipitation and on and on and on… How the Sun affects Weather

5. Most of the rain forests of Earth lie along the equator • The great tropical rainforests are some of the most species-rich natural habitats in the world. Powered by sunlight, heat, and abundant rainfall, these ancient, complex ecosystems teem with life, providing homes to a unique assemblage of plants, animals, and fungi, most of which are found nowhere else on earth.

6. Physical processes shaping Earth External forces • Wind- shapes Earth using wind storms, blows soil around, assists in seed distribution • Water- waves and rain weather and erode rock, forms river cutting through land conventional precipitation is heavy rain storm and wind currents • Ice - forms cracks in rocks and splits them, glaciers from soil by gliding over rock and being pulled by gravity • Weather- rain, wind, snow, and temperature all affect regions Internal forces • Geothermal energy • Tectonic plates- cause earthquakes and tsunamis

7. Transportation is difficult in Africa due to mountains and deserts SaharaLargest Desert in the world, dominates Northern Africa Africa contains mainly volcanic mountains like Mt. Kilimanjaro (Africa’s highest peak)

8. An escarpment is a steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top. A huge plateau covers most of Africa, as a result it is known as the “Plateau Continent” BLUE NILE IN THE ETHIOPEA PLATEAU

9. Africaalso has many Basins, also called depressions. CONGO BASIN

10. Weather affecting humans • Knowing the exact onset of the monsoon is important for South Asia’s farmers as they need to time the sowing of crop accordingly. • Even though life goes on, diseases, poisonous water snakes, and potholes pose a threat

11. Tectonic movements! • The Great Rift Valley The Eastern part of Africa is pulling away from the rest of Africa. The rift valley stretches over 4,000 miles long

12. Human-Environment Interaction Slash and Burn Slash and Burn technique is sometimes used to clear the land and put nutrients into the soil. However, it can fully deplete the land in a few years.

13. How Geography affects Economy

14. New England’s colony relied on what economic activity? New England couldn't rely on farming because of poor soil, so their main economic activity was shipbuilding, forestry & fishing.

15. The Southern Colonies relied on mainly agricultural products like tobacco, indigo & rice “cash crops”

16. Resources in Canada • Rich deposits of minerals – gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, iron ore, and uranium. • Also, oil and natural gas. • Many deposits have not been developed because of the harsh environment.

17. How Geography affects Culture

18. The Spanish established missions in the Western section of present day United States. Vigorous influence of Spanish culture Loss of Native American culture

19. Only 60 of more than 900 Jamestown colonist survived because it was a very swampy location & disease spread easily. Geography is a matter of life... and death!

20. When in Japan… Long silences are an important part of Chinese communication. When they eat at someone's home, they always bring a gift (fruit or flowers) and take their shoes off at the threshold. During a meal, they never turn a fish over to get to the flesh on the underside. Superstition holds that turning a fish over will cause a fishing boat to capsize. Personal space is not highly regarded in China: people stand quite close, and even barge into others. Conversely, however, expansive gestures such as hugging are not acceptable

21. But when in Uganda… Spending time in silence versus conversation is interpreted as rude. Humor plays a big role in communicating and most Ugandans enjoy a good joke. Stories, proverbs, and the like are common means of expressing a point indirectly and require the implicit knowledge of the listener. When gesturing or beckoning for someone to come, they face their palm downwards and make a scratching motion with the fingers. People usually drink water at the end of the meal. It is considered odd to drink water while eating.

22. How Geography affects Human Migration

23. Many in America believed that the US should stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This is called Manifest Destiny

24. Potato famine!!! Dum dumduuuum • Plant pandemic in Ireland infected all potatoes and the people that ate them • Push factor (away from Ireland) • Pull factor (into the United States) http://www.pearlandisd.org/webpages/gjohnson/files/Potato%20Famine_1.wmv

25. Patterns of Settlement in Canada • 50% + live in cities. • Largest cities are located at strategic points along the railroads that were built in the late 1800’s.

26. Sierra Madre Of Mexico The Sierra Madre is a pair of mountain ranges. The Oriental is in the East and the Occidental is in the West. Most cities in Mexico are located in the valley between the two ranges.

27. Population differences

28. Distribution of Population Growth

29. Urbanization • Shanghai in 1990 • Shanghai in 2010

30. How Geography affects Regions

31. The Provinces of Canada • The provinces/territories are political divisions • 5 regions based on physical features, culture, and economy.

32. The Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay A culture of the gaucho has grown up in this region of grassland, centered on horsemen

33. Climate Climate of South America separates it into regions

34. Geography Its kind of a big deal…