Principals of Animal Diseases

1. Principals of Animal Diseases Animal Science II

2. Causes • Infectious • Caused by microorganisms • Noninfectious • Faulty nutrition • Metabolic disorder • Trauma • Toxic substance • Congenital defects • Birth defects

3. Cattle • Brucellosis • Abortions in last ½ of pregnancy • Afterbirth retention • Sterility • Animal must be destroyed • Shipping fever • Coughing, diarrhea, fever, discharge • Common in young animals • Shipping stress • Antibiotics and sulfa drugs

4. Swine • Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) • Virus (highly contagious) • 100% mortality in young pigs • Vomiting, diarrhea • White, yellow or green feces • Drugs and vaccines not effective

5. Swine • Pseudorabies • Virus • Fever, vomiting, convulsions, tremors • Sudden death in young pigs 24hrs after symptoms appear • Drugs and vaccines not effective

6. Swine • Brucellosis • Cholera (eradicated in the US) • Scours • Drugs for drinking water • Leptospirosis • MMA • Mycoplasmal pneumonia • SMEDI

7. Poultry • Aortic rupture • Male turkeys • 8 to 20 weeks • Bleed to death • Control • Lower-energy ration • Low-level use of tranquilizers

8. Poultry • Newcastle • Virus • Gasping for air, sneezing, breathing difficulty, tremors, paralysis • No known cure • Avian pox (Fowl pox) • Virus • Yellow cankers in mouth and eyes • Scabs around the head • No known cure

9. Poultry • Cocidiosis • Controlled by coccidiostats • Bluecomb • Blackhead • Fowl cholera • Erysipelas Antibiotics

10. Treatment • Prevention is the best way to control diseases • Cleanliness • Vaccinations • Quarantine • Exposure • Isolation

11. Parasites • Objective • Describe the internal and external parasites of livestock and poultry

12. Parasites • External • Ticks • bloodsuckers • Mites • mange • Lice • Biting bloodsuckers

13. Parasites • External (continued) • Blowfly • Screwworm in larva stage • Heel fly • Cattle grub • Horn fly • Smallest, bloodsucking species • Horsefly, housefly, stable fly

14. Parasites • Internal • Roundworms • Stomach worms • Ascarids • Pinworms • Bloodworms • Lungworms

15. Parasites • Internal (continued) • Tapeworms • Broad tapeworms • Beef or pork tapeworm • Flukes

16. Parasite Problems • Weight loss and loss of gain • Most costly excluding death • Major external parasite of swine • Lice and mites • External parasites of poultry • Lower production by sucking blood

17. Parasite Problems • Heel Fly larva or Cattle grubs • Greatest financial loss to cattle • Lower rate of gain • Damage hides and meat

18. Parasite Problems • Major internal parasite of poultry • Several types of worms • Roundworm • Most damage to hogs by internal parasites

19. Controlling Parasites • Prevention • Most effective • Chemicals for external parasites • Systematic insecticides that spread throughout the body is most effective • Cattle grubs

20. Controlling Parasites • Deworming pigs • Sows and guilts one week before farrowing • Protects piglets

21. Controlling Parasites • Poultry Houses • Mites, bedbugs, fowl ticks hide in daylight • Emerge at night • Cracks and crevices must be sprayed

22. Controlling Parasites • Poultry • Little problems with worms • Confinement housing offers protection • Wire cage

23. Controlling Parasites Chemical, mechanical, biological, and cultural methods are used to reduce loss in poultry and livestock