Pre-reading

1. Pre-reading About freedom: 1. If you didn’t have the right to choose where to live/ to study to vote…, what would you do? 2. By what means would you obtain freedom / rights??

2. Integrating skills NO VOICE, NOT HEARD… If you don’t have certain rights or if you find that your rights are being ruined, you should stand up to make your voice heard / to defend your rights. Otherwise , other people will not know what your sufferings are.

3. Fast reading : How many periods is the history of struggles divided? 16th ~18th (Para. 1) three periods 18th~19th(Para.2---Para.4) modern times (including the 20th century) (Para.5---Para.6

4. Careful reading: What struggle is mainly described ? 1. Freedom of religion ( People ‘s struggle for their religious freedom in Europe.) 2.Rights of men and women of all races ( People’s struggle for equal rights of all the people.) 3.Rights for black people ( People’s struggle for the emancipation of black people.) 4. Rights of women ( People’s struggle for the rights of women to vote in elections. ) 5.Fight against prejudice and for equal rights of people. 6. People’s struggle for rights of creatures ( People give a voice the groups that do not have a vioce to speak for themselves.

5. Useful expressions 1.为权利/宗教自由而斗争 2.反对歧视 3.自由地选择 4.绝对的权利 5.废除奴隶制度 6.把权利归还给人们 7.有权干． 8.享有工作的权利． 9．在现代 10.有着共同的.. 11．受到尊重 12好的住房条件 13.不顾,没注意 14.建立一个组织 15.替自己说话 1. struggle forrights/freedom of religion 2. fight against prejudice 3.be free in one’s choice of 4. unconditional rights 5. abolish slavery 6. give back people their rights 7. have the right to do sth. 8 share the right to work 9 in modern times 10 have in common 11.be treated sb . with respect 12.good housing conditions 13 regardless of 14.form an organization 15.speaak for oneself

6. Difficult sentences: 1.People struggled for the right to be free in their choice of which god to believe in (Para.1) 2.The main ideas were that all people are brothers and sisters, and that all people should be treated equally. (Para.2) 3.Starting at almost the same time were the international movements for the rights of women. (Para.4) 人们为能够自由的选择他们信奉的上帝的权利而斗争 表语从句中的that不可省略 为争取女权的国际运动几乎在同一时期开始的 倒装句 Ex.1.坐在教室前面的是一个名叫小华的女生． 　２．挂在墙上的是是两幅画． Sitting in the front of the classroom is a girl named Xiao hua. Hanging on the wall are two pictures..

7. The Passive Voice

8. 1. 一般现在时 …... is/ am/ are + done 2. 一般过去时 …...was / were + done …..am / is / are +going to+ be+ done …..will be done 3. 将来时 ……was/ were + going to + be+ done ……would be done …..am / is / are + being + done 4. 进行时态 …...was / were + being + done ……has / have + been + done 5.完成时态 ……had been done

9. １．八种常用时态的被动语态举例 ( 以下均以动词do为例） (1)一般现在时 (2)一般过去时 ….. is/ am/ are + done Ex.A lot of books are kept in the library. …..was / were + done Ex. A thief was caught last night.

10. (3) 现在进行时 (4) 过去进行时 …..am / is / are + being + done Ex. The watch is being repaired. …...was / were + being + done Ex. The door was being painted at that time.

11. (5) 一般将来时 (6) 过去将来时 …..am / is / are +going to + be+ done …..will be done Ex. The meeting will be hold tommorrow. ……was/ were + going to + be+ done ……would be done Ex.They said that the work would be finished the next day.

12. (7)现在完成时 (8)过去完成时 ……has / have + been + done ex. My bag has been stolen. ……had been done ex. She said this airport had never been used.

13. 2. 某些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思 The book sells well. This kind of cloth washes very well. This pen writes quite smoothly. A new hospital is building. This fish tastes good. This flower smells very sweet. This cloth feels smooth and soft. This car drives fast. This cake eats crisp.

14. 3.把主动语态变为被动语态时，某些动词有时带两个宾语，有形成两种结构的可能性 。动词有（give, send, pay, tell, lend, offer, show, throw, hand, bring, buy, get, make, leave) ex. Someone gives me a book. ex. I tell her an interesting story. I am given a book ( by someone). A book is given to me (by someone). She is told an interesting story (by me). An interesting story is told to her ( by me).

15. Thank you !