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Joint FP5 ENERGIE Info-day and EnerBuild RTD Project Meeting JAPANESE BUILDING ENERGY RESEACH

Joint FP5 ENERGIE Info-day and EnerBuild RTD Project Meeting JAPANESE BUILDING ENERGY RESEACH. 7 September 2001, Malmo Ken-ichi Kimura Professor, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo Fax:+81-3-3209-8316 E-mail: kkimura@mn.waseda.ac.jp.

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Joint FP5 ENERGIE Info-day and EnerBuild RTD Project Meeting JAPANESE BUILDING ENERGY RESEACH

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  1. Joint FP5 ENERGIE Info-day and EnerBuild RTD Project MeetingJAPANESE BUILDING ENERGY RESEACH 7 September 2001, Malmo Ken-ichi Kimura Professor, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo Fax:+81-3-3209-8316 E-mail: kkimura@mn.waseda.ac.jp

  2. Japanese archipelago ranges from cold to subtropical regions. In central mild areas, heating season: November-April in residential buildings January-March in office buildings. Climate of Japan

  3. Energy Use Trends in Japan - S. Ando Residential and Commercial Sector Industrial Sector Transportation Sector [PJ]

  4. Residential Energy Breakdowns by District

  5. 1/3 of CO2 are related to buildings in Japan

  6. Operation Energy of an Office Building

  7. Energy Conservation andNatural Energy Utilisationare different.

  8. Definition of Energy Conservation • Minimisation of Energy Use while maintaining desire of people. • Energy may be used as much as they want unless they think it wasteful. • Energy conservation is not enough to meet the target of Kyoto protocol.

  9. Natural Energy Utilisation • Solar thermal • Photovoltaics • Wind power • Geothermal power • Ambient energy

  10. Solar water heaters are installed in about 1/10 of total households. Forced circulation type of domestic solar water heating system can be seen in houses. Solar Hot Water Heaters

  11. Swimming pools Elderlypeople’s homes Hospitals Schools Apartments Solar Hot Water System

  12. Traditionally common in residences. Insulation and air-tightness are prerequisites for passive solar heating Passive Solar Space Heating

  13. Natural ventilation and sun shading are pre-requisites. Nocturnal ventilation Cool tube Earth contact floor Roof garden for evaporative cooling Nocturnal radiation Passive Cooling in Residences

  14. Refrigerators Lighting bulbs (Compact lamps are not common in Japan.) Room Air-Conditioners Improvement in Efficiency of Household Appliances Colour TV Air Conditioner Refrigerator Year

  15. Energy Conservation in Buildings • Energy Conscious Designs • Energy Reduction in Lighting • Energy Reduction in HVAC • Energy Reduction in Office Machines

  16. Energy Conservation in HVAC • Heat Recovery System • Variable Air/Water Volume System • Free Cooling/ Night Purge • Sun Shading • Air Flow Windows • Controls for Efficient Operation • Set Point Temperature and Humidity

  17. 1 degree of change in set point temperature makes 10% of energy saving in both heating and cooling. Slight increase in air movement substantially reduces cooling load. Thermal Comfort and Energy Conservation

  18. Displacement ventilation Occupied zone air conditioning Minimum allowable rate of ventilation Indoor Air Quality and Energy Conservation

  19. 1500 Measurement Occupied zone Air-Condition Overall Air-Conditioning day] 1000 ㎡・ Heat Load [W/ 500 0 8/18 8/19 8/20 8/23 8/24 2/16 2/18 2/19 2/21 2/22 Occupied Zone Air Conditioning in Large Spaces

  20. Direct Sunlight Introduction

  21. Photovoltaics Integration in Architecture

  22. Residential PhotovoltaicSystem Installation

  23. Residential Photovolaic Cost

  24. PV Panels Backed with Air Collector Kyocera House

  25. Natural Energy Utilisation in Vernacular Architecture

  26. Massive House in Kawagoe

  27. Modern Use of Vernacular Technologies

  28. Earth Covered Building

  29. Heavy insulation and air-tightness natural ventilation and sun shading passive solar heating solar domestic hot water system PV for appliances Solar Architecture

  30. IEA Task 13 AdvancedJapanese House-WISH House

  31. Movable collector panels Semi-basement with greenhouse Floor heating by heat pump Solar domestic hot water PV roof (2001) Kimura Solar House - 1972

  32. Hybrid solar Outside insulation No auxiliary for space heating 5028 kWh/a for total household Sagara Solar House - 1979

  33. Earth contact floor Rock bed storage coupled with air collector and heat pump Sun space Heat pump for hot water from space cooling with off-peak electricity Phase change material floor 7800kWh/a for total household TEPCO Solar House - 1988

  34. School building of Kitakyushu University, Faculty of Environmental Engineering Solar Chimney and PV Panels

  35. Carbon Emission from Buildings by Structural Types 200 150 /m2] WOOD(-) ｋｇ 100 OTHER MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION CARBON EMISSION PROM BUILDINGS 50 STEEL FOR FLOOR AREA[ CERAMICS CONCRETE 0 WOOD(+) -50 -100 WOODEN STEEL REINFORCED STEEL AVERAGE REINFORCED CONCRETE CONCRETE Global Environment Committee AIJ 1992 ,

  36. Conclusion-1 • Energy　conservation has a largest potential in reducing energy requirements in building sector. • Different types of natural energy utilisation must be sought for different conditions.

  37. Conclusion-2 • A slight discomfort must be accepted for reducing energy use and warming gas emission. • It can be regarded possible to meet the target level of Kyoto protocol as far as building sector is concerned in Japan.

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