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Basic Geo-Science Unit 1 Notes

Basic Geo-Science Unit 1 Notes. Mr. Myers. What is Earth Science?. The Study of Earth Science: Earth Science : Study of the Earth and its History. What is earth Science?. The Study of Earth Science:

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Basic Geo-Science Unit 1 Notes

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  1. Basic Geo-Science Unit 1 Notes Mr. Myers

  2. What is Earth Science? • The Study of Earth Science: • Earth Science: Study of the Earth and its History.

  3. What is earth Science? • The Study of Earth Science: • The three major branches of science are Earth Science, Life Science and Physical Science. • When you look at the earth from space it is a lot more then just rocksand soil • Earth Science is like a Jigsaw puzzle made up of fourmain pieces. • The four main pieces are Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology and Oceanography. • All four make up the field of science

  4. What is Earth Science? • Specialist in Earth Science: • Specialist: Person who studies or works on only one part of a subject. • Some examples of specialist are:Oceanographers who study only waves and tides. While others study the makeup of the ocean water. Still others study the bottom or deep sea vents

  5. What is Earth Science? • The importance of Earth Science: • Earth Science is an Importantpart of our every day life. The observationsand discoveriesmade by Earth scientists affect us in many ways. • 3 Ex. Of How Earth Scientists effect our lives: Exploring Spaceand experimentsdone in space have led to new Medicinesand technologiesThey have also improved radios, televisions and telephones.

  6. What are the main parts of the Earth? • The Lithosphere: • Sphere: Round, three dimensional object. • Lithosphere: Solid part of the earth surface. • All solid land that people stand on is called Lithosphere. • The lithosphere consists of all of the Continentsand the land under the Ocean

  7. What are the main parts of Earth? • The Hydroshpere: • Hydrosphere: Part of the Earth that is water. • The Hydrosphere includes all of the liquid Waterand Iceon Earth • Salt water makes up 97% of the Earths water. The remaining 3%is fresh water. • Fresh Water is found in,rivers, lakes, glaciersand the polar ice caps.

  8. What are the main parts of the Earth? • The Atmosphere: • Atmosphere: Is the envelope of gases that surround the earth. • The Atmosphereis the envelope of gases surrounding the earth. The Airyou breathe is part of the atmosphere. • The atmosphere also helps Protect living things by blocking Harmfulrays given off by the Sun. • Ultravioletrays cause humans to get sunburns.

  9. What is the Structure of the Earth • A Slightly Flat Sphere: • A perfect sphere has no real Top. Every point on the surface is the same distance from the Center. • Earth is a Spherebut its not a perfect one. • Its is slightly Squashedor flat at its poles. • The earth also Bulgesout at the center

  10. What is the structure of Earth? • Earth’s Crust: • Crust: Is the solid, thin outer layer of Earth • There are 3 main layers of the earth. They are the Crust, Mantle and Core • The crust is about 5 to 10 km thick under the oceans and between 32 and 70 km thick on the continents.

  11. What is the structure of Earth? • Earth’s Mantle: • Mantle: is the thick layer of rock below the crust. • The layer of the earth beneath the crust is called the Mantle. • The Earth’s mantle is between 1800 to 2900 km thick. • More then 2/3’s of Earth’s Mass is found in the mantle.

  12. What is the structure of Earth? • Earth’s Core: • Core: The innermost region of the Earth • The innermost region of the Earth is called the Core. We think that the core is mostly composed of Iron. The core has 2 parts. • The outer core is about 2250km thick and the inner core has a radius of about 1300 km.

  13. What are maps? • Globes: • Globe: Three dimensional model of Earth’s Surface. • A Globe is a three dimensional model of the Earth’s surface. • A globe correctly shows the Shapes and Sizes of different features on earth.

  14. What are maps? • Maps: • Map: Flat model of the Earth’s Surface. • A Map is a flat model or drawing of Earth’s surface. • Its is a two dimensional model of the earth. • There are many kinds of maps. Some maps show the Whole earth while some maps show small pieces in great detail.

  15. What are maps? • Distortion: • Distortion: is an error in shape, size or distance. • When something that is round and it is represented on a flat surface like a map it becomes what they called Distorted. • Errors like these in shape, size and distance are called Distortions.

  16. What are Latitude and Longitude? • Parallels and Meridians: • Parallels: Horizontal line on a map or globe that circles Earth from east to west at intervals starting at the equator. • Meridians: Line on a map or globe running from the North pole to the South pole along Earth’s surface.

  17. What are Latitude and Longitude? • Parallels and Meridians: • On a globe there are a series of lines drawn from East to West. • These lines are called Parallels. • Also there is another series of lines that run North and South. • These lines are called Meridians.

  18. What are Latitude and Longitude? • Latitude and Longitude: • Latitude: Distance in degrees north or south of the equator. • Longitude: Measurement in degrees east or west of the prime meridian.

  19. What are Latitude and Longitude? • Latitude and Longitude: • Parallels and meridians are used to describe locations on Earth’s surface. • Parallels describe Latitude. • Latitude is the distance in Degrees north or south of the equator.

  20. What are Latitude and Longitude? • Latitude and Longitude: • Meridians are used to describe Longitude. • Longitude is the Distance in degrees east or West of the prime meridian. • Prime meridian runs through Greenwich, England.

  21. What are Latitude and Longitude? • Locating Places: • Every place on earth has its own Latitude and Longitude. • Washington D.C. is very close to the 39th parallel north and the 70th meridian west. • So we would say that Washington is 39 degrees North and 70 Degrees West.

  22. How do you read a map? • Showing distance: • Most of the maps we use show us directions. If you look at a map it has a key that usually has a big N that stands for North, E that stands for East, W that stands for West,and S that stands for South. • North is the usually at the top of the map. • Another way of showing Direction on a map is by using a Compass Rose.

  23. How do you read a map? Fill in the compass rose on the Left. A compass rose shows us that not everything is going to be north, south, east or west. Sometimes directions will be southwest or northeast.

  24. How do you read a map? • Scale: • Scale: Feature that relates distances on a map to actual distances on Earth’s surface. • A map scale show us how the Distance on the Map compares with real distances on Earth’s surface.

  25. How do you read a map? • Map Symbols: • Symbols: Drawing on a map that represent a real object. • Legend: List of map symbols and their meanings. • The simple drawings on a map are called Symbols. There are many different symbols on a map. They are always listed in the maps Legend.

  26. How do you read a map? • Color: • Color is used on a map for specific reasons. • Black is normally used for anything make by people. • There are symbols for Buildings, Railroads, and Bridges. • Blue is used for showing Bodies of Water. • Green is used to show parks and forests.

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