Getting to California

1. Ch 19 Sec 1: America and the World totalitarianism – total control by the government. Needs of the nation are more important than rights of individuals fascism – totalitarianism based on military strength Benito Mussolini– fascist dictator of Italy whose followers were known as the black shirts. Adolph Hitler – fascist dictator of Germany who was elected Chancellor through the Nazi Party (brown shirts). Mein Kampf – “my struggle” autobiography of Hitler’s early life which started to blame others for the struggles of Germany after World War I Joseph Stalin– communist dictator of the Soviet Union who took over in 1924 after the death of Vladimir Lenin Emperor Hirohito – figurehead leader of the militaristic Japanese empire who was thought to be a direct decedent of God. Getting to California

2. Chapter Objectives Section 1: America and the World Describe how postwar conditions contributed to the rise of antidemocratic governments in Europe. Explain why many Americans supported a policy of isolationism in the 1930s. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

3. Guide to Reading Main Idea In the years following World War I, aggressive and expansionist governments took power in both Europe and Asia. Key Terms and Names Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler  Manchuria  fascism  Vladimir Lenin  Joseph Stalin  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-1

4. Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Global Connections German and Japanese actions in the 1930s led President Roosevelt to work to prevent aggression. Section 1-3

5. The Rise of Dictators The treaty that ended World War I and the economic depression that followed contributed to the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5

6. The Rise of Dictators Italy developed the first major dictatorship in Europe. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5

7. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) In 1919 Benito Mussolini founded Italy’s Fascist Party. Fascism was a kind of aggressive nationalism. Fascists believed that the nation was more important than the individual, and that a nation became great by expanding its territory and building its military. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

8. The Rise of Dictators O Facists were anti-Communist. Backed by the militia known as Blackshirts, Mussolini became the premier of Italy and set up a dictatorship. I (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

9. “The Root of Fascism” Comes from the Latin word fasces. In ancient Rome, the fasceswere cylindrical bundles of wooden rods, tied tightly together around an axe. They symbolize unity and power. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide. FYI Contents 2

10. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) The Nazi Party was nationalistic and anti-Communist. O I (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

11. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) After World War I, the political and economic chaos in Germany led to the rise of new political parties. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

12. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • Adolf Hitler, a member of the Nazi Party, called for the unification of all Germans under one government. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

13. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) He believed certain Germans were part of a “master race” destined to rule the world. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

14. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) He wanted Eastern Europeans enslaved. He felt Jews were responsible for many of the world’s problems. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-10

15. “Stabbed in the Back” In his autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler prescribes to the theory that the reason Germany lost WWI was disloyalty of some Germans, especially Jews. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide. FYI Contents 2

16. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) In 1933 Hitler was appointed prime minister of Germany. Storm troopers intimidated voters into giving Hitler dictatorial powers. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-10

17. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) In 1917 the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, set up Communist governments throughout the Russian empire. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

18. The Rise of Dictators The Russian territories were renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922. The Communists set up a one-party rule. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

19. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) By 1926 Joseph Stalin had become the new Soviet dictator. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

20. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) In 1927 he began a massive effort to industrialize the country. Millions of peasants who resisted the Communist policies were killed. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

21. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) Difficult economic times in Japan after World War I undermined the country’s political system. Many Japanese officers and civilians wanted to seize territory to gain needed resources. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11

22. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) In 1931 the Japanese army, without the government’s permission, invaded the resource-rich Chinese province of Manchuria. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11

23. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) The military took control of Japan. This left Emperor Hirohito as more of a figurehead. (pages 584–586) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11

24. A section of Amy Tan’s popular novel The Joy Luck Club was set during the troubles between China and Japan during the 1930s. FYI 1-1

25. “What they have in common” In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation. Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Totalitarianism Military Dictatorship (Japan) Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide. FYI Contents 2

26. End of Slide Show